substances
物質
解説 Definition
substances は substance（物質）の複数形です。水、金属、化学薬品のように、ある性質をもつ材料や物をまとめて指すときに使います。
The plural of “substance,” referring to two or more distinct kinds of physical material, such as water, metals, gases, or chemicals, each having particular properties and capable of being identified, tested, stored, or used.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
単数形 substance「物質」の語末に -s を付けた規則的な複数形で、-s は /ɪz/ と発音します。some substances、three substances、harmful substances のように、性質の異なる材料や化学物質を複数まとめて指す場面で覚えます。substantial「実質的な」と同じく、「下で支える実体」という語源的な核を持ちます。
Substances is the regular plural of substance. Add -s because more than one material or kind of material is being discussed; after the final /s/ sound, the plural ending is pronounced /ɪz/. Picture a scientist testing three substances or safety instructions warning that certain substances must be kept away from heat. Common combinations include chemical substances, harmful substances, and natural substances. The word refers to materials themselves, while objects are individual things made from materials. Connect it with substantial, whose historical sense also grows from the idea of something having a real underlying existence.
例文
Some substances change color in water.
水の中で色が変わる物質もあります。
The scientist tested three substances.
その科学者は三つの物質を調べました。
These substances must be kept away from heat.
これらの物質は熱から離して保管しなければなりません。
substances の類義語・関連語
substances の語源・成り立ち Etymology
substances は substance の複数形で、古フランス語 substance を経てラテン語 substantia に由来します。sub-「下に」＋ stare「立つ」＋ -ance で、「下で支えて成り立つもの」から「実体・物質」という意味になりました。関連語は substantial, substantiate。
Substances is the plural of substance, formed with the regular plural ending -s. Substance entered English through Old French from Latin substantia, meaning “being, essence, or material.” The Latin word is related to substare, built from sub-, “under,” and stare, “to stand.” The underlying image is something that stands beneath or supports what is observed. From “essential reality,” the word developed its common physical sense of a particular kind of material.
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