dna
遺伝物質
解説 Definition
生物の遺伝情報を保存し、次の世代へ伝える分子。細胞の働きや体の特徴を決める情報を担う。
The molecule that stores and transmits hereditary information in living organisms, providing instructions that influence cells, development, and physical traits. DNA is inherited from parents and can also be analyzed for biological identification.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
DNAはdeoxyribonucleic acidの頭文字で、日本語ではデオキシリボ核酸です。専門的な名称を丸暗記するより、「生物の設計情報を保存する分子」と捉えると使いやすくなります。carry genetic information、DNA test、DNA sample、share DNAなどの頻出表現を、遺伝や犯罪捜査の場面と結び付けて覚えると定着します。
DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid, but it is more useful first to remember its function: it is the molecule that stores biological instructions and passes hereditary information from parents to children. Connect the term with frequent combinations such as carry genetic information, DNA sample, DNA test, and share DNA. These appear in biology, family relationships, medicine, and criminal investigations. Think of DNA as stored information rather than as a complete fixed “blueprint,” because traits also depend on how genes function and interact with the environment.
例文
DNA carries genetic information.
DNAは遺伝情報を担っている。
The police found his DNA at the scene.
警察は現場で彼のDNAを発見した。
Children receive DNA from both parents.
子どもは両親の双方からDNAを受け継ぐ。
dna の類義語・関連語
dna の語源・成り立ち Etymology
deoxyribonucleic acid「デオキシリボ核酸」の頭文字を取った略語です。deoxyは酸素原子が一つ少ないこと、riboは糖の一種、nucleic acidは細胞核から発見された核酸を表します。
DNA is an initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxy- indicates that the sugar component has one less oxygen atom than the corresponding ribose form; ribo- refers to the sugar-related part of the molecule. Nucleic acid names a class of acids first identified in material from cell nuclei, although DNA is not confined to the nucleus in all biological contexts. The abbreviation became the standard concise name for this hereditary molecule in scientific and general English.
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