palatinate
宮中伯領
解説 Definition
中世ヨーロッパで宮中伯が治めた領地のこと。特にドイツのライン宮中伯領が有名。
A palatinate is an area of land ruled by a noble who has special powers, almost like a small independent prince. It is mainly used in historical contexts, especially in Europe. The word is uncommon in everyday English and usually appears in history writing.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
palatinate は、まず palace と palatine を足場に覚えると残りやすい。見た目が似ているので「宮殿・宮廷に近い立場の人が持つ領地」とまとめてイメージするとよい。普通の kingdom や province ではなく、中世の宮中伯に結びつく歴史用語。the Palatinate のように特定地域名でも出る。つづりは palate（口蓋）と紛らわしいが無関係なので、palace 側に寄せて記憶するとぶれにくい。
Link `palatinate` to `palace` and `palatine`. The shape of the word suggests a land connected with a ruler close to a palace or court, not an ordinary `province`. Also remember it can appear as a place name, like `the Palatinate`, and not to confuse it with `palate`.
例文
The Palatinate region of Germany is renowned for its vineyards and wine production.
ドイツのプファルツ（宮中伯領）地方はブドウ園とワイン生産で有名である。
During the Thirty Years' War, the Palatinate was devastated by invading armies.
三十年戦争中、宮中伯領は侵略軍によって荒廃した。
The Elector of the Palatinate played a key role in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire.
プファルツ選帝侯は神聖ローマ帝国の政治において重要な役割を果たした。
palatinate の類義語・関連語
palatinate の語源・成り立ち Etymology
palatinate は中世ラテン語 palatinus「宮殿の」由来の palatine に -ate が付いた語で、さらに元はラテン語 palatium「宮殿」です。palace や paladin も同根で、「宮殿に仕える者の権限が土地に及ぶ」と考えると宮中伯領の意味が腑に落ちます。
Palatinate comes from "palatine," with the ending "-ate," and "palatine" comes from Medieval Latin "palatinus," meaning "of the palace." The deeper source is Latin "palatium," meaning "palace," which also gave English "palace" and "paladin." Because high officers of the palace came to hold special regional power, the word developed the sense of a territory ruled with such authority.
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