rubbed
こすられた
解説 Definition
rubbed は rub（こする）の過去形・過去分詞です。物の表面を手や布などでこすった、またはこすられた状態を表します。
“Rubbed” is the past-tense and past-participle form of “rub.” It means moved a hand, cloth, or another object repeatedly against a surface, or describes something that received this action.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 rub に -ed を付ける際、短母音の後の子音 b を重ねて rubbed と綴り、語尾は /d/ と発音します。rubbed his hands なら能動の「手をこすった」、was rubbed with a cloth なら受動の「布でこすられた」です。表面に繰り返し摩擦を加える場面を核に覚えましょう。
Connect “rubbed” to the base verb “rub.” To add “-ed,” double the final “b” because “rub” ends in one consonant after a short stressed vowel: “rubbed.” The ending is pronounced /d/. Picture repeated contact and friction against a surface. In “he rubbed his hands,” the subject performs the action; in “the glass was rubbed with a cloth,” the glass receives it. Common combinations such as “rubbed gently,” “rubbed his eyes,” and “rubbed with a soft cloth” reinforce both the movement and the active-passive contrast.
例文
The glass was rubbed with a soft cloth.
そのガラスは柔らかい布でこすられました。
He rubbed his hands to keep them warm.
彼は手を温めるために両手をこすりました。
The mark disappeared after it was rubbed gently.
その跡はやさしくこすられると消えました。
rubbed の類義語・関連語
rubbed の語源・成り立ち Etymology
rubbed は rub に過去・過去分詞語尾 -ed が付いた形で、rub は中英語 rubben、さらに低地ドイツ語 rubben「こする」に通じる語です。表面に触れて何度も擦る動きが核にあり、そのまま「こすった／こすられた」という意味になります。関連語は rub、rubbing。
“Rubbed” is formed from “rub” plus the past-tense and past-participle ending “-ed,” with the final “b” doubled under the usual spelling rule. “Rub” is recorded from Middle English “rubben” and is related to similar Low German and Dutch forms referring to rubbing or scraping. Its core meaning has remained repeated contact or friction applied to a surface.
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