shorter
短い
解説 Definition
shorter は short（短い）の比較級です。2つ以上のものを比べて、長さや時間がより短いことを表します。
Shorter is the comparative form of short. It describes something having less length, duration, height, or extent than another thing or than it had at an earlier time.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
shorterは原形shortの比較級で、語尾に-erを付けた形です。発音は/ˈʃɔːrtər/で、shortの母音と子音を保ったまま比較級の/ər/が加わります。shorter than that oneのようにthanで比較対象を示し、道・時間・文章・髪などが「より短い」と覚えましょう。人の身長には通常shorterよりshorter in heightなど文脈が必要です。
Form shorter by adding the comparative ending -er to short. It is pronounced /ˈʃɔːrtər/ in typical American English, preserving the main sounds of short and adding /ər/. Use than when the comparison is stated: “This road is shorter than that one.” The other item may be omitted when the context supplies it, as in “My haircut is shorter.” Connect the form with measurable length or duration: a shorter road, lesson, wait, or speech. For many longer adjectives, English uses more instead of the -er ending.
例文
This road is shorter than that one.
この道はあの道より短いです。
My new haircut is shorter.
私の新しい髪型は前より短いです。
We need a shorter lesson today.
今日はもっと短い授業が必要です。
shorter の類義語・関連語
shorter の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語 scort（短い）にゲルマン祖語 *skurtaz が起源で、ラテン語 curtus（切り詰めた）と同根。-erは比較級接尾辞。関連語にshort（短い）、curt（ぶっきらぼうな＝言葉を切り詰めた）がある。「切り取られた→短い」という意味の変遷がわかる。
Shorter consists of short plus the Germanic comparative suffix -er. Short comes from Old English scort and is related to Germanic forms conveying limited length or extent. It has also been compared historically with Latin curtus, “cut short,” the source of English curt. The underlying image is something cut off or limited. Adding -er marks a comparison, so shorter means having less length, duration, or extent.
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