thrombocytopenia
血小板減少症
解説 Definition
血液内の血小板の数が正常値以下に減少する医学的状態。出血のリスク増加をもたらす。
Thrombocytopenia is a medical condition in which a person has too few platelets in the blood. Platelets help stop bleeding, so this condition can make bruising or bleeding happen more easily. The word is mainly used in medical contexts.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
長い語ですが、3つの見慣れた部品に切ると覚えやすくなります。thrombo- は thrombosis で見た「血栓・血のかたまり」周辺、cyto- は cell 系の「細胞」、-penia は leukopenia や neutropenia にも出る「不足・減少」の合図。つまり『血小板に関わる細胞が不足する状態』。特に thrombosis が「詰まる側」なのに対し、thrombocytopenia は platelet が足りず出血しやすい側、と対比で覚えると混同しにくいです。
This long word is easier in parts: `thrombo-` + `cyto-` + `-penia`. `Cyto-` appears in words about cells, and `-penia` means a lack or low level. Remember it by contrast with `thrombosis`: `thrombosis` is about clotting too much, but `thrombocytopenia` is about platelets being too low.
例文
The patient was diagnosed with thrombocytopenia after routine blood work.
患者は定期的な血液検査の後、血小板減少症と診断された。
Thrombocytopenia can be caused by various medical conditions or medications.
血小板減少症はさまざまな医学的状態または薬物によって引き起こされる可能性がある。
Patients with thrombocytopenia must avoid activities that could cause bleeding.
血小板減少症の患者は出血を引き起こす可能性のある活動を避けなければならない。
thrombocytopenia の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
thrombocytopenia の語源・成り立ち Etymology
新ラテン語系の医学語で、thrombo-「血のかたまり」+ cyto-「細胞」+ -penia「欠乏」から成ります。つまり「血栓に関わる細胞＝血小板が不足する状態」で、thrombosis, leukopenia が関連語です。
Thrombocytopenia is a modern medical word built from thrombo- "clot," cyto- "cell," and -penia "lack" or "deficiency." These parts come from Greek roots, though the full word was formed in modern scientific Latin style. The name literally means a shortage of the clot-related cells, and that is how the medical sense developed. Related words include thrombosis and leukopenia.
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