thrombocytopenia
血小板減少症
解説 Definition
血液内の血小板の数が正常値以下に減少する医学的状態。出血のリスク増加をもたらす。
Thrombocytopenia is a medical condition in which a person has too few platelets in the blood. Platelets help stop bleeding, so this condition can make bruising or bleeding happen more easily. The word is mainly used in medical contexts.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
長い語ですが、thrombo-「血栓」から一歩進めて、thrombocyte「血小板」を見抜くと覚えやすくなります。cyto- は「細胞」、-penia は leukopenia などの「不足・減少」の合図。つまり thrombocytopenia は『thrombocyte＝血小板が少ない状態』です。thrombosis が血が固まって詰まる側なのに対し、こちらは血小板が足りず出血しやすい側、と切り分けると混同しにくいです。
This long word is easier in parts: `thrombo-` + `cyto-` + `-penia`. `Cyto-` appears in words about cells, and `-penia` means a lack or low level. Remember it by contrast with `thrombosis`: `thrombosis` is about clotting too much, but `thrombocytopenia` is about platelets being too low.
例文
The patient was diagnosed with thrombocytopenia after routine blood work.
患者は定期的な血液検査の後、血小板減少症と診断された。
Thrombocytopenia can be caused by various medical conditions or medications.
血小板減少症は、さまざまな病気や薬によって引き起こされる可能性がある。
Patients with thrombocytopenia must avoid activities that could cause bleeding.
血小板減少症の患者は出血を引き起こす可能性のある活動を避けなければならない。
thrombocytopenia の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
thrombocytopenia の語源・成り立ち Etymology
新ラテン語系の医学語で、thrombocyte「血小板」+ -penia「欠乏」から成ります。thrombocyte 自体は thrombo-「血のかたまり」+ cyto-「細胞」なので、結論として「血小板が不足する状態」を表します。関連語は thrombocyte、leukopenia。
Thrombocytopenia is a modern medical word built from thrombo- "clot," cyto- "cell," and -penia "lack" or "deficiency." These parts come from Greek roots, though the full word was formed in modern scientific Latin style. The name literally means a shortage of the clot-related cells, and that is how the medical sense developed. Related words include thrombosis and leukopenia.
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