した
解説 Definition
doの過去形で、過去に行った動作を表す。疑問文や否定文を作る助動詞としても使われる。
The simple past form of “do,” used to say that someone performed an action in the past. It also functions as an auxiliary in past-tense questions, negatives, and emphatic statements, followed by the base form of the main verb.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
did は do「する」の過去形と一組で覚える。did my homework のように単独で「した」を表す場合と、Did you...?、did not のように過去の疑問・否定を作る場合がある。助動詞 did の後では動詞を過去形にせず、Did you go? と原形を置く点までセットで覚えると実用的。
Learn did as the irregular past form in the pattern do–did–done; it does not take the regular -ed ending. It can be the main verb, as in I did my homework, or an auxiliary forming past questions and negatives: Did you call? and She did not know. After auxiliary did, use the base form—not another past form—so say Did you go?, not Did you went? In ordinary speech, did is pronounced /dɪd/. Keeping its two roles together makes past-tense sentence building easier.
例文
I did my homework after dinner.
夕食後に宿題をした。
Did you call your mother yesterday?
昨日、お母さんに電話した？
She did not know the answer.
彼女は答えを知らなかった。
did の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語の動詞 dōn「行う、する」の過去形 dyde に由来します。現代英語では do が did に変化する不規則活用として残り、一般動詞の「した」と、過去の疑問・否定を作る機能の両方を担います。
Did descends from Old English dyde, the past-tense form of dōn, “to do or perform.” The verb developed irregularly rather than forming its past tense with the later productive -ed pattern, giving modern English do–did–done. Over time, did retained its lexical meaning “performed” and also became an auxiliary used to construct past questions, negatives, and emphatic statements. In that auxiliary role, the following main verb remains in its base form.
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