fasting
断食
解説 Definition
fasting は fast（断食する）の現在分詞・動名詞で、名詞として「断食」という意味です。宗教、健康、検査前の準備などの理由で、一定時間食べ物を取らないことを表します。
Fasting is the practice of going without food, and sometimes particular drinks, for a limited period. It may be undertaken for religious observance, health-related reasons, or preparation for a medical examination.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
fast「断食する」に -ing を付けた形で、ここでは行為を表す名詞「断食」です。fast は短母音 /æ/、fasting は /ˈfæstɪŋ/ と発音します。fasting before a test「検査前の絶食」、religious fasting「宗教的断食」、during fasting「断食中」のまとまりで覚えましょう。
Connect fasting directly with the verb fast, meaning to avoid food for a period: add -ing without changing the base spelling. Here the -ing form functions as a noun naming the activity. Remember common settings rather than the unrelated adjective fast meaning “quick”: fasting before a blood test, religious fasting, and twelve hours of fasting. In pronunciation, fast has the short vowel /æ/ in standard American English, and fasting is /ˈfæstɪŋ/. The context of food, water, religion, or medical instructions usually makes the intended meaning clear.
例文
Fasting can be difficult on the first day.
断食は初日が大変なことがあります。
The doctor asked for twelve hours of fasting before the test.
医師は検査前に12時間の断食を求めました。
During fasting, he drank only water.
断食中、彼は水だけを飲みました。
fasting の類義語・関連語
fasting の語源・成り立ち Etymology
fasting は古英語 fæstan「断食する・自制する」に由来し、さらにゲルマン祖語で「固く保つ」を表した語へさかのぼります。語尾 -ing は行為を名詞化する要素で、breakfast や fasten と同根。「自分を固く守る行為」から断食の意味が育ちました。
Fasting is formed from fast and the action-noun ending -ing. The verb fast comes from Old English fæstan, meaning “to abstain from food” or “to observe a fast,” and is related to a Germanic idea of holding firmly or observing strictly. This historical connection links disciplined abstinence with firmness. It is also historically related to fast in the sense “firmly fixed,” though the modern meanings are distinct.
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