mand
要求行動
解説 Definition
言語障害や発達障害の分野でのジャーゴン。マンド（mand）は応求反応の一種。
In verbal behavior and applied behavior analysis, a mand is a request or command controlled by a speaker’s current need or motivation and reinforced by obtaining the requested outcome. It may be expressed through speech, signs, gestures, or another communication system.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
mand は応用行動分析で、欲しい物や行動を得るための「要求」を表す言語行動。command や demand の -mand と結び付け、子どもが水を欲して “Water, please” と言う場面を思い浮かべよう。単なる命令文の形ではなく、話者の欲求によって生じ、求めた結果によって強化される点が核心。
Link mand to command and demand, both of which contain the sequence mand and involve asking or directing. In applied behavior analysis, however, a mand has a precise functional meaning: it occurs because the speaker currently wants or needs something, and it is reinforced when that specific outcome is provided. Picture a thirsty child saying “Water, please,” signing for water, or pointing to a cup. The grammatical form alone does not define a mand; the speaker’s motivation and the consequence of the communication are what matter.
例文
In speech therapy, a mand refers to a command or request behavior.
言語療法では、マンドは命令または要求行動を指します。
Children learn to use mands to communicate their needs and desires.
子供たちはマンドを使用して、自分のニーズと欲望を伝えることを学びます。
Applied behavior analysis uses the concept of mands in communication training.
応用行動分析は、コミュニケーション訓練でマンドの概念を使用します。
mand の類義語・関連語
派生語
紛らわしい語
mand の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 mandāre（命じる、委託する）に由来。行動分析学者スキナーが command（命令）や demand（要求）から造った術語で、話者の欲求に基づく言語行動を指す。関連語に mandate（命令）、command（指揮）がある。
The term mand was introduced by behaviorist B. F. Skinner as a shortened formation associated with command and demand. Those words ultimately contain an element from Latin mandare, meaning “to entrust,” “order,” or “command.” Skinner gave mand a specialized technical sense within his analysis of verbal behavior: an utterance controlled by motivation and followed by a characteristic requested consequence.
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