mastoid
乳様突起
解説 Definition
乳様突起。耳の後ろの骨の突起。
The mastoid is the bony part of the skull located just behind the ear. The word is mainly used in anatomy and medicine, often in discussions of that area of the head.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
-oid は asteroid や android にもある「〜型の・〜に似た」の形なので、mastoid もまずは「何かの形を表す解剖語だ」とつかむと入りやすい。単独で丸暗記するより、mastoid process（耳の後ろの骨の出っ張り）, mastoiditis（乳様突起炎）と一緒に覚えるのが有効。耳たぶや内耳の名称ではなく、「耳の後ろを触るとある硬いふくらみ」「側頭骨の一部」という位置イメージまで持つと、試験でも臨床文脈でも迷いにくい。
The ending `-oid` often means “shaped like” or “similar to,” as in `android` or `asteroid`. That helps you remember `mastoid` as an anatomy word with a special form, not a general body word. It is often learned in the phrase `mastoid process`, so remember it together with that collocation.
例文
The mastoid process is a bony projection behind the ear.
乳様突起は耳の後ろの骨の突起です。
Mastoid infections can develop from untreated ear infections.
乳様突起感染は未処置の耳感染から発症する可能性があります。
The surgeon examined the mastoid bone carefully.
外科医は乳様突起骨を慎重に検査しました。
mastoid の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
mastoid の語源・成り立ち Etymology
mastoid はギリシャ語 mastos「乳房」+ -oid「〜の形をした」に由来し、「乳房のような形の」という意味です。耳の後ろの骨の突起が丸くふくらんで見えるため、乳様突起という名称になりました。関連語に asteroid, mastitis があります。
Mastoid comes from Greek mastos, meaning "breast," and -oeidēs, meaning "like" or "shaped like." So the original sense was "breast-shaped." It was used for the rounded bone behind the ear because its shape was thought to resemble a breast. Related words include mastitis and asteroid, which also uses the "-oid" idea of resemblance.
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