polluted
汚染された
解説 Definition
polluted は pollute（汚染する）の過去形・過去分詞で、汚染されたという意味です。空気、水、土地などが有害な物質で汚れている状態を表す形容詞としてよく使われます。
Polluted describes air, water, land, or another part of the environment that has been made dirty or harmful by waste, chemicals, smoke, or other contaminants. It is also the past tense and past participle of pollute.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
pollute「汚染する」の語末 e を残して -d を付けた過去形・過去分詞で、語末が /t/ なので -ed は /ɪd/ と発音する。形容詞では有害物質で汚れた状態を表し、polluted air、polluted water、a polluted river が定番。単に散らかった dirty より、環境への有害な汚染を強く示す。
Start with the verb pollute, “to make the environment dirty or harmful,” and add -d because the base already ends in e. Since pollute ends in the /t/ sound, the ending is pronounced /ɪd/: polluted. Use the form in concrete combinations such as polluted air, polluted water, polluted soil, and a polluted river. Unlike dirty, which can describe an untidy room or stained clothing, polluted usually suggests contamination by smoke, waste, chemicals, or other harmful substances. It is both a past form and a descriptive adjective.
例文
The river is polluted by factory waste.
その川は工場の廃棄物で汚染されています。
Many people avoid swimming in polluted water.
多くの人は汚染された水で泳ぐのを避けます。
The city is working to clean its polluted air.
その市は汚染された空気をきれいにしようと取り組んでいます。
polluted の類義語・関連語
polluted の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 pollutus（汚された）が語源で、動詞 polluere（por-「前に」+ luere「洗う」）から派生。本来「洗い流す」意だが「汚す」へ逆転した。関連語に pollution（汚染）、pollutant（汚染物質）がある。清めの行為が逆に穢す意味に変化した点が興味深い。
Polluted is the past-tense and past-participial form of pollute. Pollute derives from Latin polluere, “to defile or contaminate,” and its participle pollutus, “defiled.” English adopted the word with the sense of making something physically or morally unclean. In modern usage, it is especially associated with environmental harm. Pollution and pollutant belong to the same family and name the process and the contaminating substance respectively.
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