quenching
急冷
解説 Definition
quenching は quench（急冷する）に由来する名詞で、特に加熱した金属などを水や油で急に冷やすことを意味します。工業や材料加工の文脈で、硬さや性質を変える工程として使われます。
The rapid cooling of heated metal, typically by placing it in water, oil, or another medium, in order to alter properties such as hardness. The term names a controlled process used in metallurgy and materials treatment.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 quench は火・渇き・熱を「消す、鎮める」。quenching は語末に -ing を付けた形で、発音は /ˈkwentʃɪŋ/。冶金では赤熱した鋼を水や油へ入れて熱を一気に消す工程を指す。water quenching、oil quenching、quenching steel の組み合わせで、単なる cooling より急速で加工目的の冷却だと覚える。
Start with the verb quench, which can mean to extinguish fire or satisfy thirst: in each case, something intense is brought down. Quenching adds -ing directly to quench and is pronounced /ˈkwentʃɪŋ/. In metallurgy, imagine glowing steel plunged into water or oil so that its heat is removed rapidly. Common combinations include water quenching, oil quenching, and quenching steel. Unlike ordinary cooling, quenching emphasizes speed and a deliberate manufacturing purpose, because the chosen medium and cooling rate affect the metal’s final hardness and other properties.
例文
Quenching changes the hardness of the heated steel.
急冷は熱した鋼の硬さを変えます。
The technician used oil for quenching after the metal was shaped.
技術者は金属を成形した後、油を使って急冷しました。
Proper quenching is important for controlling the final properties of the blade.
刃の最終的な性質を調整するには、適切な急冷が重要です。
quenching の類義語・関連語
quenching の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語 cwencan（消す、鎮める）に由来し、火や渇きを「消す」が原義。中英語で quenchen に変化した。関連語：quench, extinguish。冶金では焼けた金属を水で急速に冷やす工程を指し、「熱を消す」という本来の意味がそのまま技術用語になった。
Quench descends from Old English cwencan, meaning “to extinguish” or “put out.” Its uses later included satisfying thirst and suppressing heat or intensity. In metalworking, the literal idea of extinguishing heat developed into the technical sense of cooling hot metal rapidly in a liquid or other medium. Quenching is formed by adding -ing to quench and functions as a process noun as well as a present participle.
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