tempering
焼き戻し
解説 Definition
tempering は temper（金属を焼き戻す）の現在分詞・動名詞です。熱処理によって金属の硬さや粘りを調整する工程を指します。
Tempering is a heat-treatment process in which hardened metal, especially steel, is reheated to a controlled temperature and then cooled. The process reduces brittleness and adjusts the balance of hardness, strength, and toughness.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 temper「適度に調整する」に -ing を付けた規則的な形で、発音は /ˈtempərɪŋ/。金属加工では、焼入れ後の硬すぎてもろい鋼を再加熱し、硬さと粘りの釣り合いを整える「焼き戻し」を指します。tempering steel、after tempering という形で工程と効果を一緒に覚えます。
Tempering is the -ing form of temper, a verb whose central idea is adjusting something to a suitable balance. In metalworking, picture steel that has been hardened but has become too brittle. Controlled reheating and cooling temper it, reducing brittleness while preserving useful strength and hardness. The spelling is regular: temper plus -ing, pronounced /ˈtempərɪŋ/. Learn it in combinations such as “tempering steel,” “careful tempering,” and “less brittle after tempering.” This balanced-result image also helps distinguish tempering from hardening, which primarily increases hardness, and from annealing, which generally softens metal more fully.
例文
The blade becomes less brittle after tempering.
刃は焼き戻しの後、もろさが減ります。
Careful tempering helps the steel keep its strength.
丁寧な焼き戻しは、鋼の強度を保つのに役立ちます。
The workshop teaches the basics of heating and tempering metal.
その工房では、金属の加熱と焼き戻しの基本を教えています。
tempering の類義語・関連語
tempering の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 temperare（適度に混ぜる、調節する）から古フランス語 temprer を経て英語に入った。「適切な加減にする」が原義。関連語に temperature（温度）、temperament（気質）がある。金属を加熱後に冷却して硬さを調整する工程を指し、「ちょうど良い状態に整える」という語根の意味が反映されている。
Tempering is formed from temper plus -ing. Temper entered English through Old French temprer from Latin temperāre, meaning “to mix in due proportion, regulate, or moderate.” Its central historical idea is bringing something to an appropriate measure or balance. Applied to metalworking, the verb came to describe controlled heat treatment that adjusts the properties of hardened metal. The noun-like gerund tempering consequently names the process of balancing hardness against toughness and reducing excessive brittleness.
同じレベルの英単語をもっと
外部辞書で調べる
この単語を英単語クイズで覚えよう