tempered
鍛えられた
解説 Definition
temperedは「鍛えられた」「調整された」「和らげられた」を意味する形容詞で、金属などを熱処理して強化することや、性格・感情が経験によって鍛えられていることを表す。steel-temperedのように複合語でも使われる。困難な経験を経て強くなった様子を比喩的に表現する際にも用いられる。
Tempered describes metal or glass whose properties have been deliberately improved through controlled heating and cooling. More figuratively, it can describe judgment, emotion, or strength that has been refined, toughened, moderated, or balanced by experience or another influence.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
tempered は temper の過去分詞からできた形容詞で、-ed は /d/ と発音する。金属やガラスを熱処理して性質を調整するイメージが核で、tempered glass は「強化ガラス」。そこから、経験で判断力が鍛えられた、感情や主張が適度に和らげられた、という比喩にも広がる。
Tempered is the past participle of temper, with -ed pronounced /d/. Start with controlled adjustment rather than simple heating: tempered steel and tempered glass have had their physical properties changed to achieve useful strength, hardness, or safety. Then extend that image to people and ideas. Judgment tempered by experience has been refined through difficulty, while enthusiasm tempered with caution has been moderated or balanced. This shared idea of carefully adjusting a quality connects the technical and figurative senses and helps distinguish tempered from merely hot or hardened.
例文
The tempered glass is much stronger than regular glass.
強化ガラスは通常のガラスよりもはるかに丈夫である。
His tempered judgment came from years of difficult experience.
彼の鍛えられた判断力は長年の苦難の経験から来ていた。
The blade was carefully tempered to achieve the perfect hardness.
刃は最適な硬度を得るために丁寧に焼き入れされた。
tempered の類義語・関連語
tempered の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 temperare（混ぜ合わせる、調節する）が起源。tem-（時）+ parare（整える）に分解でき、金属を加熱・冷却して性質を調整する鍛錬の意味に発展した。関連語：temperature（温度）、temperament（気質）。素材を適切に「調合・調節」するイメージが核心。
Tempered comes from temper, ultimately from Latin temperare, meaning to mix in due proportion, regulate, or moderate. The word developed technical applications to preparing metals through controlled heat treatment and later to strengthening glass. Its older idea of proper adjustment also supports figurative senses such as moderating emotion or refining judgment. Temperature and temperament are historically related, though their modern meanings have developed along different paths.
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