responding
応答する
解説 Definition
responding は respond（応答する、反応する）の現在分詞・動名詞です。質問、呼びかけ、状況などに答えて行動したり返事をしたりしている場面で使います。
Responding is the present participle or gerund of respond. It refers to answering a message or question, reacting to a situation or stimulus, or taking action prompted by something.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
responding は respond の現在分詞・動名詞で、子音を重ねずそのまま -ing を加え、発音は /rɪˈspɒndɪŋ/ などです。「問いや刺激に返す」が核で、responding to an email、responding to a question のように通常 to と組み合わせます。replying より、行動や身体反応にも広く使えます。
Responding is formed by adding -ing directly to respond; no consonant is doubled. Its core image is something coming from one side and an answer or reaction going back. Learn it with the preposition to: responding to an email, responding to a question, or responding to treatment. The form can build a continuous verb, as in She is responding now, or act as a gerund, as in Thank you for responding. Unlike replying, which usually suggests communication, responding can also describe actions, emotional reactions, bodily reactions, or changes caused by medical treatment.
例文
She is responding to the email now.
彼女は今、そのメールに返信しています。
The teacher is responding to a student's question.
先生は生徒の質問に答えています。
Thank you for responding so quickly.
すぐに返事をしてくれてありがとうございます。
responding の類義語・関連語
responding の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 respondēre（答える・応じる）から。接頭辞 re-（返して）＋ spondēre（約束する・誓う）に分解される。関連語：responsible, sponsor。「誓いを返す」が原義で、相手の問いかけに対して「返答する・応答する」という意味に発展した。
Responding consists of respond and the present-participle ending -ing. Respond comes from Latin respondēre, “to answer or reply,” traditionally analyzed as re-, “back,” plus spondēre, “to promise or pledge.” The early sense involved answering a commitment, and the word broadened to cover replies and reactions of many kinds. Response and responsive share the same Latin base, while sponsor is historically related through spondēre.
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