急いで進んだ
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
sped は speed「速く進む、急ぐ」の不規則な過去形・過去分詞で、speeded ではなく母音が変化します。発音は /sped/ で、speed /spiːd/ より短い母音です。The car sped away のように「勢いよく走り去った」、has sped up のように完了形で使う形を、speed–sped–sped の三段変化で覚えましょう。
Learn the three principal forms together: speed–sped–sped. The long vowel /iː/ in speed changes to the short vowel /e/ in sped, pronounced /sped/. This irregular form commonly describes fast movement in the past: a car sped down the road or someone sped away. It also appears after have in perfect constructions, such as has sped up. Although speeded is used in some specialized or transitive contexts, sped is the standard choice for rapid movement. Connect the compact past form with an action that happened quickly and is already complete.
sped の類義語・関連語
sped の語源・成り立ち Etymology
sped は speed の過去形・過去分詞で、語源は古英語 sped / spedan「成功、繁栄する、うまく進む」です。もとは「物事が順調に進む」感覚で、そこから「速く進む」意味へ広がり、関連語に speed と speedy があります。
Sped is the inherited past-tense and past-participle form of speed. Speed comes from Old English spēd, meaning success, prosperity, or effective progress, and the related verb spēdan, meaning to succeed or prosper. The idea of making good progress later developed into the modern sense of moving quickly. The vowel change in speed–sped–sped reflects an established irregular pattern rather than the regular addition of -ed.
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