抗体
解説 Definition
antibodies は antibody（抗体）の複数形です。体内で病原体などに反応して作られ、それらを見つけたり無力化したりするたんぱく質を指します。
Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that recognize and bind to particular foreign substances, such as parts of viruses or bacteria. They can help neutralize a threat or mark it for other immune defenses.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
antibodies は antibody の複数形で、語末の子音字＋yを ies に替える規則により antibody → antibodies となります。発音も単数末尾の「ディ」から複数の「ディーズ」に変わります。make antibodies、antibodies in the blood と、複数の抗体が抗原を識別する場面を結び付けましょう。
Start with the singular antibody and apply the regular consonant-plus-y plural rule: change y to ies, producing antibodies. The ending is pronounced like “deez,” contrasting with the singular ending in antibody. The prefix anti- suggests acting against something, while body is part of the established scientific compound. Picture many Y-shaped proteins in the blood recognizing particular targets. Useful combinations include make antibodies, antibodies in the blood, and antibodies against a virus. Keep the plural form for references to multiple kinds or molecules.
例文
The body makes antibodies after some infections.
体は一部の感染の後に抗体を作ります。
The test checks for antibodies in the blood.
その検査では血液中の抗体を調べます。
These antibodies can help protect the body from the virus.
これらの抗体は体をそのウイルスから守る助けになります。
antibodies の類義語・関連語
antibodies の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ギリシャ語 anti-「対抗する」+ body（古英語 bodig「体」）の複合語。体内に侵入した異物（抗原 antigen）に対抗する物質という意味。関連語：antigen（抗原）、antibiotic（抗生物質）。anti- の「対抗」が免疫の仕組みを端的に表す。
Antibodies is the plural of antibody, with final y changing to ies after a consonant. Antibody was formed in scientific English from anti-, a Greek-derived prefix meaning “against,” and body, from Old English bodig. It was coined for a substance produced in an organism in response to a foreign material. Modern immunology uses the term for specific proteins that bind antigens, a related term formed with anti- and -gen.
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