capsicum
トウガラシ
解説 Definition
capsicum は、トウガラシ属の植物やその実を指す語です。英語圏では地域によって、辛い唐辛子だけでなくピーマンやパプリカを指すこともあります。日本語の「カプシカム」は園芸名として使われることが多く、一般の「トウガラシ」と範囲がずれる場合があります。
Capsicum refers to plants of the genus Capsicum or to their fruits, which include sweet peppers and hot chili peppers. In several varieties of English, especially Australian and Indian English, the word commonly denotes a sweet pepper used as a vegetable.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
capsicum はトウガラシ属 Capsicum の植物や実をまとめて指す語です。capsule「小さな容器」と形を結びつけ、種を包む実を思い浮かべると覚えやすくなります。地域によって bell pepper のような甘い実も chili pepper のような辛い実も指すため、chopped capsicum や grow capsicum では料理・地域の文脈から種類を判断します。
Think of capsicum as the broad plant group that includes both sweet peppers and hot chili peppers. The possible link with Latin capsa, “box” or “container,” suggests a fruit enclosing seeds, much like capsule suggests a small container. Use context to identify the variety: chopped capsicum in a stew may mean sweet pepper in Australian or Indian English, while botanical discussion may cover the entire genus. Do not automatically translate it as only a hot chili. Also connect capsicum with capsaicin, the chemical responsible for the heat in many chili peppers, although sweet varieties contain little or none.
例文
The farmer grows capsicum in a warm greenhouse.
その農家は暖かい温室でトウガラシを育てています。
She added chopped capsicum to the vegetable stew.
彼女は刻んだトウガラシを野菜のシチューに加えました。
In this recipe, capsicum gives the sauce both color and a mild heat.
このレシピでは、トウガラシがソースに色合いと穏やかな辛みを加えます。
capsicum の類義語・関連語
類義語
派生語
capsicum の語源・成り立ち Etymology
capsicum は植物学で使われた新ラテン語で、語源は不確かだが、ラテン語 capsa「箱」に結びつける説が有力である。実が小さな箱やさやのように見えることからトウガラシ属の名になったと考えると、形と意味が結びつく。関連語は capsule, capsaicin。
Capsicum is a New Latin botanical genus name. Its deeper origin is uncertain. It has often been associated with Latin capsa, “box” or “case,” perhaps in reference to the seed-bearing fruit, although other explanations have also been proposed. The secure modern use is taxonomic: Capsicum names the genus containing sweet peppers and chili peppers. Capsaicin, the name of their characteristic pungent compound, was formed later from the genus name.
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