counterrevolutionary
意味一覧 (2件)
反革命的な
解説 Definition
革命後の政府・改革・社会秩序に対抗し、変化を巻き戻そうとする性質を表す形容詞。movement, activity, propaganda などを修飾し、単なる保守ではなく、革命を打ち消す政治的行動や思想という強い評価を含みます。
Counterrevolutionary describes actions, ideas, or people that oppose a political revolution or try to stop its goals. It is often used in historical or political discussions. The word usually carries a strong negative meaning from the viewpoint of revolution supporters.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
revolutionary が「革命的な」なら、counterrevolutionary はその流れに counter「対抗する」性質です。a counterrevolutionary movement なら「革命をさらに進める運動」ではなく、革命後の体制を否定する運動。名詞では人物を指しますが、形容詞では forces, laws, slogans のような集団・政策・言説に貼られる政治的ラベルとして使われます。
Build it from parts: `counter-` + `revolutionary`. `Counter-` means against or in response, like in `counterattack` or `countermeasure`. So `counterrevolutionary` means being on the side that pushes back against a revolution. It often appears with words like `movement` or `forces`, which gives it a strong political feeling.
例文
The counterrevolutionary forces opposed the new government's reforms.
反革命的な勢力は新政府の改革に反対しました。
Counterrevolutionary activities were strictly monitored during the upheaval.
反革命的活動は混乱の最中に厳密に監視されました。
The regime labeled the protesters as counterrevolutionary agitators.
政権は抗議者を反革命的な扇動者と呼びました。
反革命家
(意味 2)解説 Definition
革命による新秩序や改革を敵視し、失われた権力・制度・身分を取り戻そうとする人物。個人名に付けて「反革命派の一員」「革命政府から敵と見なされた人」を表す名詞で、歴史記述や政治的非難で使われます。
A counterrevolutionary is a person who opposes a revolution and wants to stop or undo the new system it creates. This word often refers to someone who tries to bring back the old power, social order, or political system. It is common in history writing and political speech, especially when a government or movement calls someone an enemy of the revolution.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
counter は「逆らう」、revolutionary は名詞なら「革命家」。合わせると「革命家に逆らう側の人」です。王政復古を望む貴族、革命政権に潜む旧体制派、改革派から敵視される活動家など、具体的な人物像で覚えると名詞用法が定着します。形容詞用法が思想や運動を説明するのに対し、こちらはその立場を取る人そのものを指します。
Think of counter as "against" and revolutionary as "a person in a revolution." Put them together, and a counterrevolutionary is someone on the side against the revolution. It helps to imagine a real person, such as a noble who wants the monarchy back or an activist seen as an enemy by a revolutionary government. Unlike the adjective use, this noun names the person who holds that position.
例文
The new government arrested several counterrevolutionaries who were trying to restore the old regime.
新政府は旧体制を復活させようとしていた複数の反革命家を逮捕した。
In the official report, anyone who criticized the reforms was labeled a counterrevolutionary.
公式報告では、改革を批判した者は誰でも反革命家のレッテルを貼られた。
The novel follows a former officer who is accused of being a counterrevolutionary after the uprising.
その小説は、蜂起の後に反革命家だと告発される元将校を追っている。
counterrevolutionary の語源・成り立ち Etymology
counter- はラテン語 contra「反対へ」、revolutionary は revolvere「回転させる」に由来します。revolve や evolution と同じ volv- を含み、社会を回して変える革命に逆らうので counterrevolutionary は「反革命的な」です。
This word combines counter-, from Latin contra "against," with revolutionary, from Latin revolvere "to roll back or turn around." The root volv- also appears in revolve and evolution. The idea developed from physical turning to social and political change, so counterrevolutionary means opposing that kind of change.
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