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解説 Definition
penning は pen（書く）の動名詞・現在分詞で、文章や手紙などを書くことを意味します。やや改まった表現で、詩や手紙、声明などを「書き上げる」という文脈で使われます。
Penning is the act or ongoing process of composing something in writing, especially a letter, poem, statement, or other deliberate text. As the -ing form of pen, it can function as a verbal noun or as part of a continuous verb phrase.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
動詞 pen「文章を書く」に -ing を付けた動名詞・現在分詞です。短母音の後の子音字 n を重ねて penning となり、発音は /ˈpenɪŋ/。pen a letter「手紙を書く」のように、write よりやや改まって「文章として書き上げる」響きがあります。家畜を囲いに入れる意味の penning とは文脈で区別します。
Penning is the -ing form of the verb pen, meaning “write or compose.” Because pen ends in a short stressed vowel followed by one consonant, the final n is doubled before -ing: pen becomes penning, pronounced /ˈpenɪŋ/. Link it with formal combinations such as penning a letter, penning a poem, or penning a careful response. Compared with ordinary writing, penning often suggests deliberately composing a finished text. Context separates this sense from penning animals, where pen means putting them into an enclosure.
例文
She spent the evening penning a letter to her old teacher.
彼女はその晩、昔の先生への手紙を書いて過ごしました。
The poet was penning a short verse by the window.
その詩人は窓辺で短い詩を書いていました。
After the meeting, he began penning a careful response.
会議のあと、彼は慎重な返答を書き始めました。
penning の語源・成り立ち Etymology
書く意味の penning は、動詞 pen「文章を書く」に -ing を付けた形で、綴りでは最後の n を重ねます。動詞 pen は筆記具を表す名詞 pen に由来し、その名詞は古フランス語を経てラテン語 penna「羽根」にさかのぼります。物理学者 Frans Michel Penning の姓は、この動詞形の由来ではありません。
In the writing sense, penning is formed from the verb pen plus -ing, with the final n doubled according to regular English spelling. The verb developed from the noun pen, the writing instrument, which came through Old French from Latin penna, “feather,” because quills were used for writing. Penning also occurs as a surname, including that of physicist Frans Michel Penning, but that proper name has a separate history and does not explain this verbal form.
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