precipitated
沈殿した
解説 Definition
precipitated は precipitate（沈殿させる、沈殿する）の過去形・過去分詞です。化学では、液体中の物質が固体として分かれて沈むこと、またはそうさせることを表します。
The past tense and past participle of precipitate in its chemical sense, indicating that a dissolved substance separated from a solution as a solid, or that a reaction caused such a solid to form.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 precipitate「沈殿する・させる」の語末 e に -d を加えた過去形・過去分詞です。原形末尾が /t/ なので、-ed は /ɪd/ と発音され、precipitated /prɪˈsɪpɪˌteɪtɪd/ となります。a solid precipitated「固体が沈殿した」と precipitate a powder「粉末を沈殿させる」の自動詞・他動詞両用を押さえましょう。
Precipitated is the past form of precipitate in the chemical sense. Because precipitate already ends in silent e, only d is added in spelling. Its base ends with the sound /t/, so the past ending is pronounced /ɪd/: /prɪˈsɪpɪˌteɪtɪd/. Picture dissolved material leaving a clear solution and appearing as solid particles at the bottom. The verb can be intransitive, as in a white solid precipitated, or transitive, as in the reaction precipitated a fine powder. Keep this precise chemical meaning separate from the broader sense “caused suddenly.”
例文
A white solid precipitated in the test tube.
試験管の中で白い固体が沈殿しました。
The chemical reaction precipitated a fine powder.
その化学反応によって細かい粉末が沈殿しました。
After the solution cooled, the mineral precipitated at the bottom of the container.
溶液が冷えると、その鉱物は容器の底に沈殿しました。
precipitated の類義語・関連語
precipitated の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語のpre-（下へ）＋caput（頭）＋接尾辞-ateに由来し、本来は「頭を下にして急降下する」意味です。不溶物が溶液から急激に底へ落ち堆積する現象を連想させ、化学用語「沈殿した」へ転じました。同語根にcapital（首都）があります。
Precipitated is the past and past-participial form of precipitate, from Latin praecipitare, “to throw or plunge headlong.” That verb derives from praeceps, literally “headfirst,” formed with prae-, “before or forward,” and caput, “head.” The chemical sense developed from the image of material being cast down or separated rapidly from a liquid. In modern English spelling, precipitate takes -d because the base already ends in e; the ending is pronounced /ɪd/ after /t/.
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