refused
拒否されました
解説 Definition
refused は refuse（拒否する）の過去形・過去分詞です。申し出、要求、許可などが受け入れられなかったことを表します。
Not accepted, allowed, or granted after being requested or offered. It is used especially of permission, entry, assistance, requests, or proposals that someone in authority or another person has declined.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 refuse「拒否する」は語末が e なので、過去形・過去分詞では -ed ではなく実際には -d だけを足して refused となります。語末は /d/ と発音します。a refused request「拒否された依頼」や entry was refused「入場を断られた」の形で、申し出や許可が受け入れられない場面と結び付けましょう。
Connect refused directly with the base verb refuse, meaning “decline” or “not accept.” Because refuse already ends in silent e, only d is added to form the past tense and past participle; the ending is pronounced /d/. Picture an official returning an application without approval: the request was refused. Common patterns include entry was refused, permission was refused, and a refused offer. These combinations emphasize that something requested, proposed, or offered was not accepted, rather than merely delayed or forgotten.
例文
The request was refused by the office.
その依頼は事務所に拒否されました。
His offer was refused politely.
彼の申し出は丁寧に断られました。
Entry was refused because the room was full.
部屋が満員だったため、入場は拒否されました。
refused の類義語・関連語
refused の語源・成り立ち Etymology
refused は動詞 refuse の過去分詞が形容詞化した語です。refuse は古フランス語 refuser から入り、re-「後ろへ・返して」の感覚を含み、『申し出を相手に返す』ことから拒否する意味になりました。refusal や refusing が関連語です。
Refused is the past-tense and past-participle form of refuse, with the participle also used adjectivally. Refuse entered English through Old French refuser. It has traditionally been associated with re-, suggesting movement back, and a second element connected with pouring, so the historical image is often understood as rejecting or giving something back. In modern English, the transparent grammatical formation is refuse plus -d.
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