refusing
拒否する
解説 Definition
refusing は refuse（拒否する、断る）の現在分詞・動名詞です。申し出や依頼、命令などを受け入れない動作を表し、意志をもって断る場面で使われます。
Refusing means deliberately not accepting, allowing, or agreeing to an offer, request, command, or proposed action. It is the present participle or gerund form of the verb refuse and emphasizes an active decision not to comply.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
refusing は refuse の語末の無音の e を落として -ing を付け、refuse → refusing とします。動詞 refuse の /z/ 音を保ち、/rɪˈfjuː.zɪŋ/ と発音します。refuse an offer や refuse to help のように、意思をもって受け入れない場面で覚えましょう。
Form refusing from the verb refuse by dropping the final silent e before adding -ing: refuse → refusing. The verb keeps its /z/ sound, giving /rɪˈfjuː.zɪŋ/. Connect it with a clear decision to say no: refusing an offer, refusing help, or refusing to make a late change. Two useful patterns are refuse something and refuse to do something. Refusing is stronger and more deliberate than simply failing to act. In He is refusing the offer, it describes an ongoing stance; in Refusing help was a mistake, it functions as a gerund.
例文
He is refusing the offer.
彼はその申し出を断っています。
She kept refusing my help.
彼女は私の助けを断り続けました。
The manager is refusing any late changes.
マネージャーは直前の変更を一切拒否しています。
refusing の類義語・関連語
refusing の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 refundere（注ぎ戻す）から古フランス語 refuser を経て英語に入った。re-（戻す）＋ fusare（注ぐ）の合成語。fuse（融合する）やconfuse（混乱させる＝混ぜ合わせる）と同根。「注ぎ返す＝突き返す」が原義で、そこから「拒否する」の意味になった。
Refuse entered English through Old French refuser. It is traditionally connected with Latin refundere, “to pour back,” formed from re-, “back,” and fundere, “to pour,” although the exact path and formation of the French verb are not entirely certain. The figurative development is from sending or giving something back to rejecting it. Refusing is formed by dropping the final e of refuse and adding -ing.
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