refuses
拒否します
解説 Definition
refuses は refuse（拒否する）の三人称単数現在形で、「拒否します」「断ります」という意味です。主語が he、she、it、または単数名詞のときに使い、提案・依頼・許可などを受け入れないことを表します。
The third-person singular present form of “refuse,” meaning that a person or organization does not accept, permit, give, or do something. It is commonly followed by a noun, such as “the offer,” or by a to-infinitive describing an action the subject will not perform.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
refuses は refuse の三人称単数現在形で、主語が he、she、it、単数名詞のとき語尾に -s を付けます。発音の語尾は /ɪz/ となり、refuse an offer、refuse a request、refuse to eat の形が典型です。declines は丁寧に断る響き、rejects は案などを退ける響きが強いと区別しましょう。
Refuses is refuse with the third-person singular ending -s, used after he, she, it, or a singular noun: she refuses, the manager refuses. Because refuse ends in an s sound, the ending is pronounced as an extra syllable, /ɪz/. Learn two common patterns: refuse an offer or request, and refuse to do something. The word signals a definite unwillingness or decision not to accept. Decline is often more polite, while reject commonly emphasizes judging and turning down a proposal, application, or idea.
例文
He refuses the offer politely.
彼はその申し出を丁寧に断ります。
The manager refuses any unsafe request.
その管理者は危険な依頼を一切拒否します。
My sister refuses to eat very spicy food.
私の姉はとても辛い食べ物を食べるのを断ります。
refuses の類義語・関連語
refuses の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 refundere（注ぎ返す）から古フランス語 refuser を経て英語に。re-（戻す）+ fusare（注ぐ）が原義で、「差し出されたものを注ぎ返す」→「拒否する」。関連語: refusal（拒絶）、refuse（名詞で廃棄物の意も）。
Refuses is the third-person singular present form of refuse, created by adding the ending -s. The verb entered Middle English through Old French refuser. Its more distant development is not as transparent as a simple division into modern English parts, although the historical word has long carried the idea of rejecting or declining what is offered or requested. The modern inflected form adds the spoken syllable /ɪz/ because the base already ends in an s sound.
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