scratching
引っ掻く
解説 Definition
scratching は scratch（引っ掻く、ひっかく）の現在分詞・動名詞です。爪や硬いもので表面をこする動作を表し、かゆい所をかく場合にも使われます。
Scratching is the action of rubbing or marking a surface with nails or something sharp. It can also describe rubbing itchy skin or an action currently in progress.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 scratch に -ing をそのまま加えた現在分詞・動名詞で、語末は /tʃɪŋ/ と発音します。爪や硬い物で表面をこする動きを思い浮かべ、a cat scratching the door、stop scratching your arm の形で覚えましょう。scrape は表面を強くこすって削る意味が中心です。
Take the base verb scratch and add -ing without changing the spelling: scratching. Its ending is pronounced /tʃɪŋ/. Picture a cat repeatedly moving its claws against a door, or a person using their fingernails on itchy skin. This image covers both the present participle, as in “The cat is scratching,” and the gerund, as in “Stop scratching.” Learn it with common objects such as scratching the door, wall, arm, or skin. Scrape often suggests forceful rubbing that removes material, while scratch focuses on claws, nails, sharp objects, or the marks they make.
例文
The cat is scratching the door.
その猫はドアを引っ掻いています。
Stop scratching your arm.
腕をかくのをやめなさい。
I heard someone scratching the wall at night.
夜に誰かが壁を引っ掻く音が聞こえました。
scratching の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
scratching の語源・成り立ち Etymology
中英語 scracchen に由来し、古英語 *scraccian とゲルマン語系の擬音的語根に遡る。爪や鋭いもので表面をこする動作を模した擬音語が起源。関連語に scrape（こする）、scratch card（スクラッチカード）がある。「引っ掻く音や動作」そのものが言葉になった。
Scratching is the -ing form of scratch, a verb recorded in Middle English as cracchen and scracchen. Its deeper history is Germanic and is often associated with words imitating or evoking a harsh scraping sound, although the exact development is not completely certain. The modern form adds -ing directly to scratch without dropping letters or doubling a consonant. It denotes the action or ongoing process expressed by the base verb.
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