subtracting
引き算
解説 Definition
subtracting は subtract（引く、差し引く）の動名詞・現在分詞で、「引き算をすること」という意味です。数や量から別の数や量を取り除いて差を求める場面で使います。
Subtracting is the act or process of taking one number or quantity away from another to find the difference. It is the gerund or present-participle form of subtract and commonly appears in mathematical calculations and descriptions of reductions.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 subtract の語末 t を重ねず、そのまま -ing を付けた形で、発音は /səbˈtræktɪŋ/ です。sub-「下から・取り去って」と tract「引く」の成り立ちを手掛かりに、subtracting five from twelve のように「AをBから引く」は subtract A from B の順になると覚えます。
Subtracting is formed regularly by adding -ing to subtract; the final t is not doubled. It is pronounced /səbˈtræktɪŋ/. Connect its Latin elements with the idea of drawing or taking something away, then picture removing five from twelve to leave seven. The most important usage pattern is subtract A from B, where the order may feel reversed to some learners: subtract five from twelve, not subtract twelve from five. As a gerund, subtracting names the calculation; as a present participle, it can describe an action in progress, as in students are subtracting large numbers.
例文
Subtracting five from twelve gives seven.
12から5を引くと7になります。
The students practiced subtracting large numbers.
生徒たちは大きな数の引き算を練習しました。
Subtracting the discount from the price makes the total easier to see.
価格から割引額を引くと、合計が分かりやすくなります。
subtracting の類義語・関連語
subtracting の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語の接頭辞sub（下から・取り去って）と語根trahere（引っ張る）に由来する。「下から引き抜いて取り除く」という元来の動作が、数値を減らす計算「引き算」の語源となった。同じtrahere由来に、外へ引っ張るextract（抽出）やtraction（牽引力）がある。
Subtracting is the -ing form of subtract. Subtract came through Latin subtractus, from sub-, carrying the sense “from below” or “away,” and trahere, “to draw or pull.” The underlying image is of drawing something away from a larger whole. This physical sense developed into the mathematical meaning of removing one quantity from another to determine the difference. Related Latin formations also appear in extract and traction.
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