swearing
誓う
解説 Definition
swearingは「誓う」「宣誓する」という動詞swearの現在分詞・動名詞形で、強く約束したり神聖なものにかけて誓ったりする行為を表す。また、「悪態をつく」「罵倒する」という意味でも使われる。文脈によって意味が大きく変わる語である。
Swearing is the -ing form of swear and refers either to making a solemn promise or oath, or to using offensive or profane language. It can function as a participle in a verb phrase or as a gerund naming the action.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
swearing は swear の現在分詞・動名詞形で、語尾を変えずに -ing を付ける。swear an oath なら「誓う」、swear at someone なら「人に悪態をつく」と、目的語や前置詞で判別する。keep swearing は動作の継続、Swearing ... は行為そのものを名詞的に表す。
Swearing is formed by adding -ing directly to swear. Keep its two meanings separate through their common patterns. Swearing an oath or swearing that something is true concerns a solemn promise or strong declaration. Swearing at someone, or simply swearing after an accident, means using offensive language. Grammar also helps: he was swearing shows an action in progress, while Swearing an oath is serious uses the form as a gerund naming an activity. The nearby object or preposition usually makes the intended sense clear.
例文
He was caught swearing at his teammates during the game.
彼は試合中にチームメートに悪態をついているところを見られた。
She kept swearing that she had nothing to do with the incident.
彼女は事件とは無関係だと繰り返し誓い続けた。
Swearing an oath before the court is a serious matter.
法廷で宣誓することは重大なことである。
swearing の類義語・関連語
swearing の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語 swerian（誓う）から。ゲルマン祖語 *swarjaną に遡り、神聖な宣言を意味した。関連語: swear、sworn。元は神に誓う厳粛な行為を指したが、やがて罵倒語を口にする意味も派生した。
Swearing is the present participle and gerund of swear, from Old English swerian, “to take an oath,” with Germanic ancestry. The earliest central sense concerned a solemn declaration or promise, often made with a sacred authority as witness. The later sense of using profane or offensive words developed from speech involving sacred names and curses. The suffix -ing marks an ongoing action or names the activity.
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