宣誓した
解説 Definition
sworn は swear（誓う、宣誓する）の過去分詞です。「宣誓した」「誓いを立てた」という意味で、法廷や公的な場面でよく使われます。形容詞のように名詞を説明することもあります。
Sworn is the past participle of swear and describes a person who has formally taken an oath or a statement made under such an oath. It commonly appears before nouns in legal, official, or professional contexts.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
swear「誓う・宣誓する」の不規則な過去分詞で、swear–swore–sworn と変化します。発音は /swɔːrn/ で、原形の母音とは異なります。a sworn witness、a sworn statement のように、正式な誓いに拘束された人や供述を表す組み合わせで覚えましょう。
Learn the irregular pattern swear–swore–sworn rather than trying to add -ed. Sworn is pronounced /swɔːrn/ and is the past participle, but it often works adjectivally before a noun. Connect it with formal promises: a sworn witness has taken an oath, and a sworn statement is declared to be true under oath. A sworn officer has formally pledged to perform official duties. This legal and institutional setting separates the sense here from swear meaning “to use offensive language.”
例文
The sworn witness spoke clearly.
宣誓した証人ははっきりと話しました。
She gave a sworn statement to the court.
彼女は裁判所に宣誓供述書を提出しました。
Only sworn officers entered the room.
宣誓した職員だけがその部屋に入りました。
sworn の類義語・関連語
sworn の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語 swerian（誓う）の過去分詞形。ゲルマン祖語 *swarjaną に遡り、ドイツ語 schwören と同根。「神に誓って述べる」が原義で、oath（誓い）と結びつく。関連語: swear（誓う）、answer（答える＝元は「誓いに対して返す」）。
Sworn is the inherited past participle of swear. The verb comes from Old English swerian, “to take an oath,” and belongs to a Germanic family that includes German schwören. Its irregular vowel pattern reflects its long history rather than a modern -ed formation. The word originally centered on making a solemn declaration, often invoking a sacred authority, and that sense remains clear in legal expressions involving witnesses, statements, and oaths.
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