those
あの
解説 Definition
話し手から離れた複数の人や物を指す語。名詞の前に置いて「あの〜」を表す。
Those is the plural form of that, used before a noun to identify several people or things regarded as relatively far from the speaker in place, time, thought, or the immediate situation.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
that が「あの一つ」、those が「あの複数」と組にして覚えると定着しやすい語です。近くの複数を指す these に対し、those は話し手から離れた物や人を指します。those shoes、those people のように、目の前から少し離れた複数の対象を指さす場面を思い浮かべましょう。
Pair that with those: that points to one relatively distant item, while those points to several. Practice that shoe and those shoes, noting that the noun and verb after those are normally plural: Those people are waiting. Contrast those with these, which refers to plural items viewed as nearer the speaker. Picture pointing across a room and asking, “Who are those people over there?” Distance can also be psychological or temporal, so those days can refer to a past period. The surrounding noun helps confirm that those is functioning as a demonstrative determiner.
例文
Those shoes look comfortable.
あの靴は履きやすそうだ。
Who are those people over there?
向こうにいるあの人たちは誰ですか。
I want to buy those flowers.
あの花を買いたいです。
those の類義語・関連語
those の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語の指示代名詞 þā に由来し、英語の歴史の中で現在の those へ変化しました。that の複数形に当たり、離れた複数の人や物を指します。these とは距離の捉え方が対照的です。
Those developed from an Old English plural demonstrative related to þā. Its form changed during the history of English until it became the standard plural counterpart of that. Modern English organizes its main demonstratives by both number and perceived distance: this and these normally indicate nearness, whereas that and those indicate greater distance. The distinction may concern physical location, time, or the speaker’s viewpoint.
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