these
これらの
解説 Definition
話し手の近くにある複数の人や物を指し示し、名詞の前に置く。this の複数形。
These is the plural form of this, used before a noun to identify several people or things viewed as near the speaker in place, time, thought, or the immediate situation.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
this の複数形が these と覚え、this book／these books を対にして練習すると定着しやすい。these の後ろの名詞は原則として複数形になり、動詞も These are ... のように複数に合わせる。近くの物には these、離れた物には those を使うので、手元の商品を指して These shoes の場面を思い描くとよい。
Learn this and these as a number pair: this book is singular, while these books is plural. Because these points to more than one item, it normally precedes a plural noun and takes a plural verb, as in These shoes are small. Contrast it with those: these indicates items treated as near the speaker, while those indicates items farther away. Picture yourself holding up several books and saying these books. The long vowel in these also distinguishes its pronunciation from this, even though both begin with the same voiced th sound.
例文
These shoes are too small.
この靴は小さすぎます。
I bought these books yesterday.
これらの本は昨日買いました。
These cookies taste great.
このクッキーはとてもおいしいです。
these の類義語・関連語
these の語源・成り立ち Etymology
these は指示語 this の複数形で、古英語 þās に由来します。英語では距離と数によって、近い単数は this、近い複数は these、遠い単数は that、遠い複数は those と使い分けます。語頭の th は古英語の文字 þ が表していた音を受け継いでいます。
These is the modern plural counterpart of this and descends from Old English þās, a plural demonstrative form. Its initial th represents a sound once written with the Old English letter thorn, þ. Over time, English developed the present four-part contrast: this for a nearby singular referent, these for nearby plural referents, that for a more distant singular referent, and those for distant plural referents.
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