transgene
導入遺伝子
解説 Definition
遺伝子組み換え生物に導入された外来遺伝子。新しい形質を生じる遺伝子。
A transgene is a gene that has been moved from one organism into another by genetic engineering. It is used to give the receiving organism a new trait or function. The word is common in biotechnology and genetics.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
trans- は transfer, transport, translate などで見慣れる「向こうへ移す・越えて運ぶ」の感覚、gene はそのまま「遺伝子」。まず trans + gene で「別の場所・別の生物側へ移された遺伝子」と分けて覚えると定着しやすいです。単なる gene ではなく、外から入れた点が核心。transgenic mouse / transgenic plant のように「遺伝子組み換えの〜」と一緒に出やすく、その生物に組み込まれた外来遺伝子が transgene です。
The prefix `trans-` often gives the idea of moving across or from one place to another, as in `transport` or `transfer`. Add `gene`, and you can remember it as a gene moved into another place or organism. It is helpful to connect it with phrases like `transgenic mouse` or `transgenic plant`.
例文
The transgene was successfully integrated into the organism.
導入遺伝子は有機体に正常に組み込まれた。
Scientists use transgenes to study gene function.
科学者は遺伝子機能を研究するために導入遺伝子を使用する。
The transgene expression was higher than expected.
導入遺伝子の発現は予想より高かった。
transgene の語源・成り立ち Etymology
transgene はラテン語 trans-「越えて」と、ギリシャ語 genos「生まれ・種」に由来する gene を合わせた現代科学語です。文字どおり「境界を越えて入る遺伝子」で、導入遺伝子の意味に直結します。関連語は transfer, genetics。
Transgene is a modern scientific word built from trans- and gene. Trans- comes from Latin and means "across" or "beyond," while gene comes through genetics from Greek genos, meaning birth, race, or kind. The word was created for a gene that has been moved across a natural boundary into another organism; related English words include transfer and genetics.
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