tun
大樽
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
tun はワインやビールを入れる非常に大きな樽で、現代では主に歴史的文脈に現れます。容器いっぱいの量が重量・容量の基準となり、同根の ton「トン」へつながったと覚えましょう。日常的な小さめの barrel ではなく、a tun of wine のような大型の貯蔵容器を指す点が重要です。
Think of a tun as an exceptionally large historical cask, not an ordinary barrel. It was used especially for storing wine or beer, and the quantity held by such a container also became a unit of capacity. This container-to-measure connection helps explain its relationship with ton, whose name developed from the idea of a large caskful. Picture a cellar containing a massive wooden tun and remember the phrase a tun of wine. In modern English, the term is uncommon outside historical, brewing, or measurement contexts, so barrel or cask is usually the everyday word.
tun の語源・成り立ち Etymology
tun は古英語 tunne「大だる」にさかのぼり、ゲルマン語群に広く見られる古い語です。ton は本来「1樽分」が語源で同根、フランス語系 tonneau も親類です。容器の名がそのまま容量名になったと見ると意味変化がよく分かります。
Tun goes back to Old English tunne, meaning a large cask or vessel, and has cognates in several Germanic languages. The word may have entered Germanic through an earlier borrowing, but its more distant origin is uncertain. Because a full tun represented a substantial quantity, the name of the container also became a measure of capacity. Ton is historically the same word in a differentiated spelling, with its meaning developing from a caskful to a unit of weight.
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