負担した
解説 Definition
borne は bear（負担する、支える）の過去分詞です。費用や責任などを負担した、または負担されたことを表すやや硬い表現です。
Borne is the past participle of bear when the verb means to carry, support, endure, or accept a cost, burden, or responsibility. It is often used in formal constructions such as “costs borne by the company.”
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
borne は bear「負担する・支える」の不規則な過去分詞で、bear–bore–borne と変化し、/bɔːrn/ と発音します。費用・責任・損失などを背負う硬い表現で、has borne the cost、costs borne by the company が典型。出生には通常 born を使い、borne と綴り分ける点が重要です。
Learn the irregular sequence bear–bore–borne. Borne is the past participle, so it follows has, have, or had, or appears in passive constructions. Picture a company carrying an extra cost on its shoulders: “The company has borne the expense.” This physical image connects carry with the formal senses of accepting a financial burden or responsibility. The spelling distinction matters: born is normally used for coming into existence or being delivered as a baby, while borne is used for costs, duties, hardship, transport, and most other senses of bear.
例文
The company has borne the extra cost.
その会社が追加費用を負担しました。
She has borne the responsibility for the project.
彼女はそのプロジェクトの責任を負担しました。
The local office has borne most of the expense.
現地事務所が費用の大半を負担しました。
borne の類義語・関連語
類義語
対義語
紛らわしい語
borne の語源・成り立ち Etymology
borne は bear の過去分詞で、古英語 beran「運ぶ・支える」にさかのぼり、さらにゲルマン祖語、印欧祖語 *bher-「運ぶ」へ続きます。『重いものを背負って運ぶ』感覚から『負担した』の意味になり、同根語に burden、birth があります。
Borne is an old past-participle form of bear. Bear comes from Old English beran, meaning to carry, bring, support, or produce, and ultimately from the Indo-European root bher-, “to carry.” The concrete image of carrying a physical load developed into carrying costs, duties, responsibility, or suffering. Modern English distinguishes borne in these senses from born, the specialized form generally used in reference to birth.
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