confined
閉じ込められた
解説 Definition
confined は confine(閉じ込める、制限する)の過去形・過去分詞からできた形で、閉じ込められた、限られたという意味です。場所や範囲の中に動きが制限されている状態を表します。
Confined describes a person, animal, activity, or space that is restricted within particular limits and cannot move or extend freely. It is often used in patterns such as confined to bed, confined in a room, or a confined area.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
confined は confine「閉じ込める・制限する」に -d を付けた過去分詞形からできた形容詞です。原形 /kənˈfaɪn/ の有声音 /n/ の後なので -d は /d/ と発音され、/kənˈfaɪnd/ になります。confined to bed、confined space のように、境界内で動きや範囲が限られる場面を思い浮かべましょう。
Start with the verb confine, /kənˈfaɪn/, meaning “to keep within limits.” Add -d to create the past participle confined. Since the base ends in the voiced sound /n/, the ending is pronounced /d/, producing /kənˈfaɪnd/. As an adjective, it describes the resulting restricted state. Picture a dog confined in a small room, a patient confined to bed, or workers inside a confined area. The recurring image is a boundary that limits movement or range. This also explains confined space, which means a small or enclosed place rather than merely a private one.
例文
The dog was confined in a small room.
その犬は小さな部屋に閉じ込められていました。
Workers stayed in the confined area.
作業員たちは限られた区域にとどまりました。
The patient was confined to bed for two days.
その患者は2日間ベッドから動けませんでした。
confined の類義語・関連語
類義語
紛らわしい語
confined の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 con-(共に)+ finis(境界・終わり)→ confine(境界内に閉じる)の過去分詞形。「境界で囲まれた→制限された」が原義。関連語:define(定義する=境界を定める)、finish(終える)。空間的な閉じ込めから、自由や行動の制約という抽象的意味にも広がった。
Confined is the past-participle form of confine and is also used as an adjective. Confine came through French from Latin confinis, meaning “bordering” or “sharing a boundary,” built from con-, “together,” and finis, “boundary or end.” English developed the verb sense “to keep within boundaries,” and confined consequently came to describe someone or something enclosed or restricted. The meaning can be physical, as in a room, or abstract, as in a limited area of activity.
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