cramming
詰め込み
解説 Definition
cramming は cram（詰め込む、詰め込み勉強をする）の現在分詞・動名詞です。物を無理に入れる場合にも、試験前に短時間で多くを覚えようとする場合にも使われます。
Cramming is the action of forcing many things into a limited space or trying to learn a large amount in a short time, especially just before an examination. It may function as a gerund or as the present participle of cram.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
cram「ぎゅうぎゅう詰め込む」に -ing を付けた現在分詞・動名詞で、語末の m を重ねて cramming と綴ります。物なら cram books into a bag、勉強なら cram for an exam が典型形です。短時間に知識を頭へ押し込む姿を、狭い袋へ物を無理に入れる場面と重ねて覚えます。
Cramming comes from cram plus -ing. Because cram ends in one stressed vowel followed by one consonant, the final m is doubled before the suffix: cram becomes cramming. Start with the physical picture of cramming books into a small bag, where too much is forced into too little space. Then transfer that picture to studying: cramming for an exam means pushing a large amount of information into your mind shortly before the test. Remember the different patterns: cram objects into a container, but cram for an exam. The form can name the activity or describe an action in progress.
例文
She is cramming books into a small bag.
彼女は小さなかばんに本を詰め込んでいます。
Many students are cramming for the final exam tonight.
多くの学生が今夜、期末試験に向けて詰め込み勉強をしています。
Cramming facts at the last minute is not always effective.
直前に知識を詰め込むことは、いつも効果的とは限りません。
cramming の類義語・関連語
cramming の語源・成り立ち Etymology
動詞 cram に接尾辞 -ing を付けた形で、古英語 crammian「中にぎゅうぎゅう押し込む」に由来します。物理的に物を詰め込む様子から転じ、試験前に知識を頭に無理やり叩き込む比喩として定着しました。同語根には cram-full（満杯の）などがあります。
Cramming is formed from cram by doubling the final m and adding -ing. Cram is related to Old English crammian, meaning to press or stuff something full. Its original physical sense survives in expressions about forcing objects into a small space. The study sense arose metaphorically from treating the mind like an overfilled container into which facts are hurriedly pushed before an examination.
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