emphysema
肺気腫
解説 Definition
肺の気嚢が破壊される病気。呼吸困難と酸素不足が特徴。
Emphysema is a serious lung disease that damages the air spaces in the lungs and makes breathing difficult. It is often connected with smoking or long-term lung damage. The word is mainly used in medical contexts.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
medical語らしい見た目で覚える語。語尾の -ema は eczema, edema など病名に多く、「体の異常を表す名詞」だとまず乗せる。意味は COPD の代表例として固定すると残りやすい。smoking causes emphysema, severe emphysema の形で覚えると、喫煙と重い肺の病気が結びつく。asthma は気道が狭まる病気、emphysema は肺胞が壊れて息を吐きにくくなる病気、と対比すると混同しにくい。
This looks like a medical word, and that helps: many disease names have a heavy, technical shape like this. Link it with smoking and serious lung damage: people often say `smoking causes emphysema`. To avoid mixing it up with asthma, remember emphysema as a deeper lung problem, not just narrowed airways.
例文
Emphysema is often caused by smoking cigarettes.
肺気腫はしばしばタバコを吸うことが原因である。
Patients with emphysema experience shortness of breath and chronic cough.
肺気腫の患者は息切れと慢性咳を経験する。
Early diagnosis of emphysema can help slow the progression of the disease.
肺気腫の早期診断は病気の進行を遅くするのに役立つ。
emphysema の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
emphysema の語源・成り立ち Etymology
医学ラテン語 emphysema はギリシャ語 emphysēma「吹き込まれたもの・膨張」に由来し、en/em-「中へ」＋ physan「吹く」から成ります。肺が空気でふくらみ過ぎる病態をそのまま名づけた語で、関連語に emphysematous があります。
Emphysema comes from medical Latin, ultimately from Greek emphysema, meaning "something blown into" or "inflation." It is built from en-/em- "in" and physan, "to blow." The word was used for a condition involving swelling or over-inflation with air, and later became the medical term used today. A related English form is emphysematous.
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