エイズウイルス
解説 Definition
免疫を担う細胞を攻撃し、治療しなければエイズを引き起こし得るウイルス。主に体液を通じて感染する。
A virus that attacks cells involved in the human immune system and, without effective treatment, can lead to AIDS. It is transmitted through certain bodily fluids and can be controlled with appropriate antiretroviral medicine.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
human immunodeficiency virus の頭文字が HIV です。human「ヒト」＋immune「免疫」＋deficiency「不足」＋virus と分解すると意味を再現できます。HIV test、HIV treatment、people living with HIV などの組み合わせで覚えると定着しやすいでしょう。
Expand the initials to recover the meaning: human immunodeficiency virus. Human identifies the host, immunodeficiency means that immune function becomes weakened, and virus names the kind of infectious agent. Learning the full expression prevents confusion between HIV and AIDS: HIV is the virus, while AIDS is a possible advanced condition caused by untreated HIV infection. Remember the term through common combinations such as “an HIV test,” “HIV treatment,” and “people living with HIV.” In careful usage, say that someone “has HIV” or “is living with HIV,” rather than treating the abbreviation as the name of a person or condition.
例文
She had an HIV test at the clinic.
彼女は診療所でHIV検査を受けた。
HIV can be treated with daily medicine.
HIVは毎日の服薬で治療できる。
The campaign provides young people with accurate information about HIV.
その活動では若者にHIVについての正確な情報を提供している。
hiv の類義語・関連語
hiv の語源・成り立ち Etymology
HIV は human immunodeficiency virus「ヒト免疫不全ウイルス」の頭文字を取った略語です。human は「ヒト」、immunodeficiency は「免疫機能の不足」を表し、1980年代からこの名称が定着しました。
HIV is an initialism formed from human immunodeficiency virus: H represents human, I represents immunodeficiency, and V represents virus. Immunodeficiency itself combines immune with deficiency, referring to inadequate immune function. The name became established in the 1980s after researchers identified the virus associated with AIDS. Because the letters are pronounced separately, the usual spoken form is “aitch-eye-vee,” not a single word.
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