overtakes
追い越します
解説 Definition
overtakes は overtake（追い越す、追い抜く）の三人称単数現在形です。車や人が前にいる相手を追い越す場合や、数値・順位が相手を上回る場合に使います。
Moves past a person or vehicle that is traveling in the same direction, or rises beyond another item in rank, amount, or performance. “Overtakes” is the third-person singular present form of “overtake.”
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 overtake は over「越えて」＋take「取る・進む」と捉え、前の相手を越えてその先へ出る場面で覚える。overtakes は三人称単数現在形で、語尾に -s を付け、発音は /s/。A car overtakes a truck のほか、sales overtakes a rival のように売上や順位が上回る場合にも使う。
Break overtake into over and take, and imagine one competitor moving beyond another and taking the position ahead. Overtakes is the third-person singular present form, made by adding -s to overtake; the final sound is /s/. Use it with a singular subject: “The blue car overtakes the truck.” The same image works figuratively when one model overtakes another in sales. Unlike passes, overtakes usually emphasizes catching and moving ahead of someone or something that was previously in front.
例文
The blue car overtakes the truck on a straight road.
青い車がまっすぐな道でトラックを追い越します。
She overtakes the runner near the finish line.
彼女はゴール近くでそのランナーを追い越します。
In the final month, the new model overtakes the old one in sales.
最後の月に、新モデルの売り上げが旧モデルを追い越します。
overtakes の類義語・関連語
類義語
対義語
紛らわしい語
overtakes の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語 ofer（越えて）と tacan（取る・つかむ）の複合語。「追い越して前に出る」が原義。take の古ノルド語 taka に由来する動作感が強い語。関連語 undertake（引き受ける）も同じ構造。over が「上回る」意味を担い、競争で相手を抜き去る場面にぴったりの語。
Overtake is a compound of over and take. Over continues an Old English word meaning “above” or “beyond,” while take entered English from Old Norse taka. The compound developed the sense of catching up with and passing someone, and later extended to figures, rankings, and performance. Overtakes is the regular third-person singular present form, created by adding -s to the base verb.
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