overtook
追い越した
解説 Definition
overtook は overtake（追い越す、追い抜く）の過去形です。過去に車、人、数量などが相手を上回ったり前に出たりしたことを表します。
The simple past form of “overtake,” meaning that a person, vehicle, or other moving subject passed someone ahead. It can also mean that an amount or level became greater than another in the past.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 overtake「追いついて越す」の不規則過去形で、take→took と同じ変化をする。発音も語末が /teɪk/ から /tʊk/ に変わる。車や走者なら「追い越した」、sales overtook the total なら数値が「上回った」と、前に出る共通像で覚える。
Connect overtook directly with the familiar irregular change take–took: overtake becomes overtook, not “overtaked.” Its final sound changes from /teɪk/ in overtake to /tʊk/ in overtook. Keep one image in mind: something that was behind moved ahead. A car overtook a truck, a runner overtook competitors, and sales overtook last year’s total. The first two involve physical movement; the last extends the same “move past” image to numbers or rankings.
例文
The red car overtook the truck on the highway.
赤い車は高速道路でトラックを追い越しました。
She overtook two runners near the finish line.
彼女はゴール付近で2人の走者を追い抜きました。
Sales of the new model overtook last year's total in September.
新型モデルの売上は9月に昨年の合計を上回りました。
overtook の類義語・関連語
overtook の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語の前接辞over-（超えて）と古ノルド語由来の動詞take（つかむ）から成る合成語です。「追いついて越える」という空間イメージが転じ、速度で先行する意味へ発展しました。同語根のundertakeと比較すると、接頭辞が意味の方向を決定する仕組みがよく分かります。
Overtake combines over, in the sense of passing beyond, with take, a verb whose English history includes influence from Old Norse taka. The compound originally conveyed catching up with someone and then developed the familiar sense of passing a person or vehicle. Overtook preserves the inherited irregular past-tense pattern of take–took, whereas the prefix over- remains unchanged.
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