overtaken
追い越された
解説 Definition
overtaken は overtake（追い越す）の過去分詞で、「追い越された」という意味です。受け身の形で、車や人が後ろから来た相手に抜かれる状況を表します。
Overtaken is the past participle of overtake. In the passive construction, it means passed by a person, vehicle, runner, or team that approached from behind and then moved ahead.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
overtaken は overtake「追いついて追い越す」の不規則な過去分詞で、overtake–overtook–overtaken と変化します。原形末尾 /teɪk/ に対し過去分詞は /teɪkən/。be overtaken by a bus の受け身で、後方の相手に抜かれた場面を思い浮かべましょう。
Learn the full irregular pattern: overtake, overtook, overtaken. The final part follows take, took, taken, so it is not formed with -ed. The base ends /teɪk/, while overtaken contains /teɪkən/. For this sense, fix it in the passive pattern “be overtaken by”: a car is overtaken by a bus, or a runner is overtaken near the finish line. The overtaking person or vehicle comes from behind, catches up, and moves ahead. This is more specific than simply being passed in another context.
例文
Our car was overtaken by a bus on the highway.
私たちの車は高速道路でバスに追い越されました。
The runner was overtaken near the finish line.
その走者はゴール近くで追い越されました。
The leading team was overtaken in the final minutes of the race.
先頭のチームはレースの最後の数分で追い越されました。
overtaken の類義語・関連語
overtaken の語源・成り立ち Etymology
over-「上を越えて」+ take から成る。take は古ノルド語 taka「つかむ」を古英語が取り入れた語で、文字どおり「上を越してつかむ」が原像。overtake は「追いついて追い越す」、undertake も同じ take を含む。
Overtaken is the past participle of overtake, a compound of over and take. Take entered English from Old Norse taka, “to take or seize.” Overtake developed the idea of catching up with someone or something and then passing it. Its irregular inflection follows take: overtake, overtook, overtaken. The same take element appears in compounds such as undertake, although their meanings developed differently.
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