追い越された
解説 Definition
overtaken は overtake（追い越す）の過去分詞です。受け身では「追い越された」を意味し、車や走者などが後ろから来た相手に抜かれる状況を表します。
Overtaken is the past participle of overtake. In the passive construction, it means passed by a person, vehicle, runner, or team that approached from behind and then moved ahead.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
overtake–overtook–overtaken は take–took–taken と同じ変化です。原形末尾の /teɪk/ が過去分詞では /teɪkən/ になることと、後方の相手に追い越される場面を結び付けましょう。
Learn overtake–overtook–overtaken through the familiar pattern take–took–taken. The base ends in /teɪk/, while the participle contains /teɪkən/. Picture a vehicle or runner coming from behind and moving ahead of you.
例文
Our car was overtaken by a bus on the highway.
私たちの車は高速道路でバスに追い越されました。
The runner was overtaken near the finish line.
その走者はゴール近くで追い越されました。
overtaken の類義語・関連語
overtaken の語源・成り立ち Etymology
over-「上を越えて」+ take から成る。take は古ノルド語 taka「つかむ」を古英語が取り入れた語で、文字どおり「上を越してつかむ」が原像。overtake は「追いついて追い越す」、undertake も同じ take を含む。
Overtaken is the past participle of overtake, a compound of over and take. Take entered English from Old Norse taka, “to take or seize.” Overtake developed the idea of catching up with someone or something and then passing it. Its irregular inflection follows take: overtake, overtook, overtaken. The same take element appears in compounds such as undertake, although their meanings developed differently.
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