parlement
パルルマン（中世フランスの司法廷）
解説 Definition
フランス語およびドイツ語で「議会」または「会議」を意味する用語。中世ヨーロッパでは王の顧問会議や司法機関を指した。
A historical French council or sovereign court, especially one of the high judicial bodies of pre-Revolutionary France, such as the Parlement of Paris. In broader medieval contexts, the term could also denote an assembly convened for consultation or state affairs.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
parlement は中世フランスの司法・評議機関を指す歴史語。古フランス語 parler「話す」と -ment「行為・場」を結び、「話し合う場」と捉える。英語 parliament と同語源だが、特に Parlement of Paris は立法議会ではなく高等司法法院だった点を区別して覚える。
Connect “parlement” with French “parler,” “to speak,” and the ending “-ment,” which forms nouns referring to an action or its result. This gives the memory image of an official place where important matters are discussed. It is related to English “parliament,” but the historical institutions were not always equivalent. In particular, the Parlement of Paris was a major court that registered royal edicts, not a modern elected legislature. When the word appears in a medieval or early modern French context, first ask whether it refers to a judicial court or a consultative assembly.
例文
The Parlement of Paris was a judicial body in medieval France.
パリのパルルマンは中世フランスの司法機関であった。
Members of the parlement gathered to discuss important state matters.
パルルマンのメンバーは重要な国家問題を議論するために集まった。
The parlement system influenced the development of parliamentary government.
パルルマン制度は議会政治の発展に影響を与えた。
parlement の類義語・関連語
parlement の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語 parler（話す）+ 接尾辞 -ment（行為・場所）から成り、「話し合いの場」が原義。ラテン語 parabolare（たとえで話す）に遡る。英語 parliament も同語源。中世フランスでは司法機能を持つ評議機関を指し、特にパリ高等法院が有名。
“Parlement” comes through Old French from “parler,” meaning “to speak,” combined with the noun-forming suffix “-ment.” Its earliest central idea was a speaking, discussion, or formal assembly. “Parler” ultimately developed from Late Latin “parabolare,” meaning to speak or discourse. English “parliament” was borrowed from the same French word family. In French history, “parlement” became a title for sovereign courts, most famously the Parlement of Paris.
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