polio
ポリオ
解説 Definition
polio は、ポリオウイルスによって起こる感染症を指す名詞です。神経に影響して麻痺を引き起こすことがあり、ワクチンによる予防が重要です。
An infectious disease caused by poliovirus that can affect the nervous system and, in some cases, lead to muscle weakness, paralysis, or death. Vaccination can prevent the disease and is central to efforts to control it.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
polio は病名 poliomyelitis の短縮形で、日本語の「ポリオ」と同じく通常は不可算名詞。protect children from polio、polio vaccine の組み合わせで覚える。語の poli- はここでは「多い」を表す poly- ではなく、ギリシャ語 polios「灰色」に由来し、脊髄の灰白質に関わる病名である。
Remember polio as the common shortened form of poliomyelitis, the disease caused by poliovirus. Learn it in high-frequency combinations such as polio vaccine, cases of polio, protect children from polio, and polio eradication. It is normally uncountable when naming the disease. The beginning poli- does not mean “many,” as poly- often does in other words. Here it comes from a Greek word for “gray,” referring to the gray matter of the spinal cord affected in the disease. That factual distinction helps connect the short everyday name with the full medical term.
例文
The vaccine helped protect children from polio.
そのワクチンは子どもたちをポリオから守るのに役立った。
Polio can cause serious muscle weakness in some patients.
ポリオは一部の患者に深刻な筋力低下を引き起こすことがある。
Many countries worked together to reduce cases of polio.
多くの国が協力してポリオの症例を減らした。
polio の類義語・関連語
polio の語源・成り立ち Etymology
polio は poliomyelitis の短縮形で、ギリシャ語 polios「灰色」＋ myelos「骨髄」＋ -itis「炎症」に由来します。脊髄の灰白質の炎症を指したためこの名になり、関連語に myelin、myelitis があります。
Polio is a shortened form of poliomyelitis. The full medical term combines Greek polios, “gray,” myelos, “marrow” or “spinal cord,” and the inflammatory-disease suffix -itis. It originally described inflammation affecting the gray matter of the spinal cord. The shorter name polio became the standard everyday term for the infectious disease. Poliovirus was named from the same disease term. The element poli- here is unrelated to poly-, the Greek-derived prefix meaning “many.”
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