preliminaries
予選
解説 Definition
preliminaries は preliminary（予備的なもの、予選）の複数形です。競技や試験などで本選・本番の前に行われる予選や準備段階を指します。
Early rounds of a competition held to determine who may advance to later rounds or the final. The plural can also denote preparatory matters or activities that must be completed before a main event.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
単数 preliminary「予備的なもの・予選」の語尾 -y を -ies に変えた複数形で、末尾は /riz/ のように有声音で終わります。pre-「前」と「敷居」に由来する部分を手掛かりに、本選 final の敷居を越える前に行う複数の競技を想像しましょう。スポーツでは run in the preliminaries「予選に出る」が典型です。
Preliminaries is the plural of preliminary. Change the final consonant plus y to -ies, giving preliminaries; the ending is voiced, like /riz/. Use pre-, “before,” as your main clue: these are rounds held before the final. Picture swimmers or runners competing in several early heats, with only the fastest advancing. The common patterns in the preliminaries and advance from the preliminaries reinforce the competition sense. The word may also refer more generally to preparations, but in sports it contrasts directly with semifinals and finals.
例文
The preliminaries will start at nine tomorrow morning.
予選は明日の午前九時に始まります。
She ran well in the preliminaries and reached the final.
彼女は予選で好走し、決勝に進みました。
Only the fastest eight swimmers from the preliminaries advanced.
予選で最も速かった八人の水泳選手だけが次へ進みました。
preliminaries の類義語・関連語
preliminaries の語源・成り立ち Etymology
preliminaries は preliminary の複数形で、英語へはフランス語 préliminaire を経て入り、さらにラテン語 prae-「前」+ limen「敷居」にさかのぼります。『本番の前の敷居にあるもの』という感覚から、予備事項・予選を表します。関連語は preliminary, liminal。
Preliminaries is the plural of preliminary. Preliminary entered English through French préliminaire and derives from Medieval Latin praeliminaris. It is built from Latin prae-, “before,” and limen, “threshold.” Something preliminary therefore stands at the threshold before the main matter begins. As a plural noun, preliminaries came to denote preparatory activities and, in competitions, the early qualifying rounds preceding later stages or a final.
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