refusals
拒否
解説 Definition
要求や提案を断る行為の複数形。拒否や辞退が繰り返されること。
Refusals are acts of saying no or not accepting something. The word is commonly used for requests, offers, invitations, or demands that people reject.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
refuse を知っていれば、refusal は「断ること」、refusals はその複数だと整理できる。動詞→名詞の -al は approval, arrival などと同じ型で、「行為そのもの」を表しやすい。rejection は結果としての拒絶、denial は事実の否認にも広がるが、refusal は申し出・依頼に対して『受けない』と返す場面に近い。repeated refusals, face repeated refusals のように、何度も断られる文脈とセットで覚えると定着しやすい。refute とは形が似ていても別語。
If you know `refuse`, then `refusal` is the noun, and `refusals` is the plural. The `-al` ending often turns actions into nouns, like in `approval` or `arrival`. It is common in patterns like `repeated refusals`, so connect it with being turned down again and again.
例文
His repeated refusals to cooperate frustrated the investigators.
彼の度重なる協力拒否は捜査官たちを苛立たせた。
The refusals from multiple publishers did not discourage her from submitting her manuscript.
複数の出版社からの拒否にもかかわらず、彼女は原稿の投稿をやめなかった。
Visa refusals have increased significantly since the new immigration policy was enacted.
新しい移民政策が施行されて以来、ビザの拒否が大幅に増加した。
refusals の類義語・関連語
派生語
紛らわしい語
refusals の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語 refuser（拒む）に接尾辞 -al（行為）と複数形 -s が付いた名詞。語源はラテン語 re-（戻す）+ fundere（注ぐ）で「注ぎ返す→受け入れを退ける」が原義。関連語: refuse, refute。拒絶という行為そのものを指す。
Refusals comes from refusal, based on Old French refuser, "to reject," with the noun ending -al and plural -s. The deeper source is Latin, from re- "back" and a verb related to pouring, giving the image of "pouring back" or sending something away. Over time, that became the idea of rejecting or not accepting; refuse and refute are related in form and history.
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