サブタイプ
解説 Definition
subtypes は subtype（下位タイプ、サブタイプ）の複数形です。大きな分類の中にある複数の細かな型や区分を指します。
Subtypes are distinct categories contained within a broader type or class. They share the essential characteristics of the larger group while differing from one another in additional features, behavior, structure, or response.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
subtypes は subtype「下位タイプ」の規則的な複数形で、語末に -s を加えます。発音の末尾は無声音 /p/ の後なので /s/ です。three subtypes、different subtypes of a disease のように、同じ上位分類に属する複数の細分類を表します。単数を指すなら subtype に戻すことを意識しましょう。
Begin with the singular subtype: sub- means “under,” and type means a category, so a subtype is a category beneath a broader one. Subtypes is its regular plural, formed by adding -s. Because subtype ends in the voiceless sound /p/, the plural ending is pronounced /s/. Picture one classification tree with several smaller branches under the same large branch. Phrases such as three subtypes of the virus and different subtypes of the disease make the number and hierarchy clear. Use subtype for one lower category and subtypes when comparing or listing two or more.
例文
The chart shows three subtypes of the plant.
その図表は、その植物の3つのサブタイプを示しています。
Doctors compare subtypes before choosing the treatment.
医師は治療法を選ぶ前にサブタイプを比較します。
These subtypes share some features but differ in important ways.
これらのサブタイプには共通点がありますが、重要な点で異なります。
subtypes の類義語・関連語
subtypes の語源・成り立ち Etymology
sub-（下に、副次的な）はラテン語由来、type はギリシャ語 typos（打刻・型）に由来。「大きな型の下位にある分類」の意。関連語：subtitle（字幕＝副題）、prototype（原型）。プログラミングや生物学で上位分類をさらに細分する際に使われる。
Subtypes is the regular plural of subtype, formed by adding -s. Subtype itself combines sub-, from Latin and meaning “under, below, or secondary,” with type. Type ultimately derives from Greek typos, referring to an impression, figure, or model, and later came to mean a class whose members share defining features. The compound therefore denotes a class below a broader class, while the plural ending indicates that more than one such lower class is being discussed.
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