summons
召喚する
解説 Definition
「召喚する」という意味の動詞です。
Orders or formally calls a person to come to a particular place, especially before a court, ruler, or other authority. It is the third-person singular present form of summon and can also mean calling people together for an important purpose.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
動詞 summon に三人称単数現在の -s が付いた形で、語末は /z/ と発音する。主語が judge、king、committee などの単数なら summons a witness のように「権威をもって出頭を命じる」。単なる invite より強制力・公式性が強い。なお a summons は同じ綴りの名詞で「召喚状・呼出状」なので、直前の主語と冠詞の有無から品詞を見分ける。
Summons is the third-person singular present form of summon, with a final -s pronounced /z/: a judge summons a witness, or a king summons his advisers. Picture an authority formally calling someone to appear. This is stronger and more official than invites, which usually allows a free choice. Learn the pattern summon someone to court, to a meeting, or to an office. Be careful: summons is also a noun meaning an official order to appear, as in receive a summons. A preceding article such as a often signals the noun, while a singular subject followed directly by summons usually signals the verb.
例文
The judge summons the witness to appear in court next Monday.
裁判官は証人に来週月曜日に法廷に出頭するよう召喚した。
He received a summons to report to the principal's office immediately.
彼はただちに校長室に来るよう呼び出しを受けた。
The king summons his advisors to discuss the threat of war.
王は戦争の脅威について話し合うために顧問たちを召喚した。
summons の類義語・関連語
summons の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 summonēre（密かに警告する）から古フランス語 somondre を経て英語へ。sub-（下から）+ monēre（警告する）が語根。関連語: monitor（監視者）、admonish（忠告する）。「下から呼び出して警告する」が原義で、法廷への呼び出し＝召喚の意味に発展した。
Summons as a verb is formed from summon plus the third-person singular ending -s. Summon entered English through Old French from Latin summonere, an altered form associated with sub-, “from below” or “privately,” and monere, “to warn” or “advise.” The word first carried the sense of giving an authoritative notice or warning and developed into formally ordering someone to appear. Its legal and official uses preserve this history of compelled attendance.
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