意味一覧 (2件)
裁判官
解説 Definition
名詞 judge は、法廷で訴訟を進め、法律に照らして判決や命令を出す「裁判官」。証拠や主張を扱う公的職務を指し、競技の審査員よりも司法上の権限を持つ点が中心。
A judge is a public official in a court who controls legal proceedings and makes decisions based on the law. A judge listens to evidence and arguments, gives orders, and may decide the sentence or final judgment in a case. The word can also mean a person who judges a contest, but its main meaning is a judicial officer with legal authority.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
a judge は courtroom の中心にいる人、と場面で覚えると安定します。弁護士が主張し、jury が事実を判断する制度でも、手続きや量刑、法的判断を担うのが judge です。contest の「審査員」にも広がりますが、このレコードでは robe、bench、trial、sentence などと結びつく司法の役職として押さえます。動詞「判断する」は、この名詞の役割から一般化した意味です。
Picture a judge at the center of a courtroom. Lawyers argue, and in some systems a jury decides the facts, but the judge controls the process and makes legal decisions such as orders or sentences. This word can also be used for a contest judge, but here it is best remembered with courtroom words like robe, bench, trial, and sentence.
例文
The judge listened carefully to both sides before making a decision.
裁判官は判断を下す前に、双方の主張を注意深く聞いた。
The judge ordered the witness to answer the question clearly.
裁判官は証人に、その質問にはっきり答えるよう命じた。
After the trial, the judge announced the sentence in court.
裁判の後、裁判官は法廷で判決を言い渡した。
判断する
(意味 2)解説 Definition
動詞 judge は、外見・発言・証拠・結果などを材料にして、よしあしや真偽を見きわめること。日常では選択肢を評価する意味で広く使い、人を早合点して決めつける含みも出る。
To judge means to form an opinion about someone or something after looking at the facts, appearance, or behavior. It is used in everyday situations and in formal settings such as competitions or courts. The word can sound negative if the opinion is too quick or unfair.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
judge は「材料を見て評価を下す」動きとして覚えます。guess のような当てずっぽうより根拠があり、decide よりも評価や見きわめの過程に焦点があります。judge A by B なら「Bを基準にAを判断する」、judge whether ... なら「…かどうか見きわめる」。Don’t judge. は助言というより「事情を知らずに決めつけないで」という響きになりやすいです。
Think of a `judge` in court first. A judge looks at facts and then decides, so the verb `judge` means making a decision from what you see or know. Remember the pattern `judge A by B`, as in `judge people by appearances`.
例文
Do not judge a person by their appearance.
人を外見で判断してはいけない。
It is difficult to judge which option is better without more information.
より多くの情報がなければ、どちらの選択肢がよいか判断するのは難しい。
The committee will judge the entries based on creativity and accuracy.
委員会は創造性と正確さにもとづいて応募作品を審査する。
judge の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語 juge を経て、ラテン語 iudex「裁く人」に由来する。ius「法」+ dicere「言う」がもとで、「法を言い渡す人」という感覚が残る。
Judge came through Old French juge from Latin iudex, meaning "a person who judges." The Latin word is connected to ius, meaning "law," and dicere, meaning "to say," so the original idea was someone who speaks or declares the law.
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