extrajudicial
超法規的
解説 Definition
法律や司法制度を通さずに行われる行為。特に権力者が法的手続きを無視して直接行動することを指す。
Extrajudicial means happening outside the normal legal or court system. It is often used in law, politics, and human rights discussions. The word usually suggests that an action was taken without official legal process.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
extra- は external / extraordinary の extra と同じ「外」、judicial は judge / judiciary と同じ「司法」の仲間。まず「judge がいる法廷の外へ出る」と置くと覚えやすいです。legal が単に「法律上の」、illegal が「違法の」なのに対し、extrajudicial は「裁判所や正式な法手続きを通さずに」という進め方に焦点があります。extrajudicial killing, punishment, action のような強い語と結びつきやすく、警察・軍・国家権力の文脈で見たらこの語を思い出すと定着します。
Break it into extra- and judicial. Extra- often means outside, and judicial belongs to judge and justice. So picture something happening outside the court or outside normal legal process. You will often see it with strong phrases like extrajudicial action or extrajudicial killing.
例文
The government was criticized for extrajudicial killings.
その政府は超法規的な殺害で批判された。
Extrajudicial detention violates human rights.
超法規的拘置は人権を侵害する。
International organizations condemned the extrajudicial actions.
国際機関は超法規的行為を非難した。
extrajudicial の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
extrajudicial の語源・成り立ち Etymology
extrajudicial はラテン語 extra-「外に」+ judicial「司法の」。judicial は ius「法」+ dicere「言う」に由来し、もとは「法を言い渡すこと」です。つまり「法廷の外で処理する」が核で、judge や judiciary も同じ語根を持ちます。
Extrajudicial combines extra- "outside" with judicial. Judicial comes through Latin from ius "law" and dicere "to say," with the older sense of "declare the law." The word developed the idea of something done outside the formal process of the courts. Judge and judiciary share the same root.
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