superconductivity
超電導
解説 Definition
極低温で電気抵抗がゼロになる物質の性質。電力損失なく電流が流れる現象。
Superconductivity is the state in which a material can carry electricity with no resistance, usually at very low temperatures. This means electrical energy can move through it very efficiently. The word is mainly used in physics and engineering.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
super + conduct + -ivity と分けると覚えやすい。conduct は「導く・伝える」で、conductor や conductive と同じ仲間。そこに super が付くので、「普通以上に電気を通す性質」とイメージすると定着しやすい。-ivity は activity などと同じく「〜という性質」を作る語尾。physics では high-temperature superconductivity, superconducting materials の形でもよく見る。semiconductor（半導体）と混同しやすいが、こちらは『少し通す』のでなく、抵抗ゼロで流れる現象。
Split it into `super + conduct + -ivity`. `Conduct` is the same family as `conductor` and `conductive`, and `-ivity` means a quality or state. It also helps to contrast it with `semiconductor`, which is a different idea.
例文
The discovery of superconductivity revolutionized the field of electrical engineering.
超電導の発見は電気工学の分野に革命をもたらした。
Researchers are working to achieve superconductivity at room temperature.
研究者たちは室温での超電導の実現に取り組んでいる。
Superconductivity allows electrical current to flow without any resistance or energy loss.
超電導により、電気抵抗やエネルギー損失なしに電流を流すことができる。
superconductivity の類義語・関連語
superconductivity の語源・成り立ち Etymology
superconductivity はラテン語 super-「超えて」+ conduct「導く」+ -ivity から成り、『電気を普通以上に導く性質』が原義です。抵抗なく流れる現象を、conductive や conductor と同じ導く語根で捉えると、超電導の名づけがよく見えます。
Superconductivity is made from super-, conduct, and -ivity. Super- comes from Latin meaning "beyond," and conduct comes from Latin conducere, "to lead." The word developed to mean the state of conducting electricity in an extreme or unusual way, beyond normal conduction. Related English words include conductor and conductive.
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