焼けた
解説 Definition
burned は burn（燃える、焼く）の過去形・過去分詞です。「焼けた」「燃えた」という意味で、火や熱によって物が焦げたり損なわれたりした状態を表します。
Burned is the past tense and past participle of burn. It means that something caught fire, continued to be on fire, or was heated by fire enough to become damaged, darkened, or destroyed; it can also describe someone causing this to happen.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
burn「燃える・燃やす」に -ed を付けた過去形・過去分詞で、語末 /n/ は有声音なので -ed は /d/ と発音する。toast burned なら「トーストが焦げた」、he burned paper なら「紙を燃やした」。自動詞と他動詞の両方で使える点を押さえる。英語では burnt という別形もある。
Begin with burn and add -ed to make the regular past form burned. Since burn ends in the voiced sound /n/, the ending is pronounced /d/, not as an extra syllable. Keep both sentence patterns in mind: “The wood burned” means it was on fire, while “He burned the paper” means he caused the paper to burn. For food, burned often means damaged or blackened by too much heat, as with burned toast. Burnt is another accepted past and participial form, especially common in British English, but burned is widely used in both American and British English.
例文
The toast burned in the kitchen.
台所でトーストが焦げました。
He burned the old paper safely.
彼は古い紙を安全に燃やしました。
The wood burned for two hours.
その木材は2時間燃えました。
burned の類義語・関連語
類義語
対義語
紛らわしい語
burned の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語 byrnan（自動詞：燃える）および bærnan（他動詞：燃やす）から。ゲルマン祖語に遡る基本語で、火と熱に関する最古層の語彙。関連語: burn（燃焼）、brand（焼印→ブランド）。焼印で所有を示したことからbrandが商標の意味に発展した。
Burned is formed from burn plus the regular past-tense suffix -ed. Burn continues two closely related Old English verbs: byrnan, meaning “to be on fire,” and bærnan, meaning “to set on fire.” These forms belong to an old Germanic word family connected with fire and heat. English eventually combined their intransitive and transitive senses in the single verb burn. The -ed ending in burned is pronounced /d/ after the voiced consonant /n/.
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